The aim of this study is to determine whether frequencies of CD8+CD25+ T cells and FoxP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood are related to allergic asthma and disease severity. We enrolled 50 patients with allergic asthma (AA) and 25 healthy control subjects (NC) in our study. The frequencies of CD8+CD25+FoxP3 -/+ T cells were assessed with flow cytometry, and mRNA FoxP3 level in CD8+ T cells was determined with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Asthma patients had fewer CD8+CD25+FoxP3bright T cells [SA (median = 3.4%, IQR = 3.1) vs MA (median = 7.5%, IQR = 4.7)] than controls NC [median = 12.1 %, IQR = 8, P < 0.0001] but more CD8+CD25+FoxP3- T cells [SA (median = 96 %, IQR = 3.1) vs MA (median = 92.5%, IQR = 4.7)] than controls NC [median = 87.9%, IQR = 9.2, P < 0.0001]. FoxP3 mRNA level was significantly decreased in CD8+ T cells of severe asthma patients (median = 0.82, IQR = 0.54) than that of patients with mild to moderate asthma and controls [(median = 2.29, IQR = 4.40) vs (median = 2.11, IQR = 3.2)]. The percentage of FoxP3+ T cells was correlated positively with the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (r = 0.71, p< 0.01) in patients with severe asthma. The proportion of CD8+CD25+FoxP3bright T cells and the level of FOXP3 gene expression in CD8+ T cells are relevant to allergic asthma and disease severity. The manipulation of FoxP3+CD25+CD8+ T cells may prevent chronic allergic inflammation and improve lung function during an acute allergic asthma exacerbation.
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