From an evolutionary perspective, morality is a form of cooperation. Cooperation requires individuals either to suppress their own self-interest or to equate it with that of others. We review recent research on the origins of human morality, both phylogenetic (research with apes) and ontogenetic (research with children). For both time frames we propose a two-step sequence: first a second-personal morality in which individuals are sympathetic or fair to particular others, and second an agent-neutral morality in which individuals follow and enforce group-wide social norms. Human morality arose evolutionarily as a set of skills and motives for cooperating with others, and the ontogeny of these skills and motives unfolds in part naturally and in part as a result of sociocultural contexts and interactions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143812 | DOI Listing |
Mol Biol Rep
January 2025
Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Introduction: Hematologic malignancies, originating from uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, constitute 6.5% of all cancers worldwide. Various risk factors including genetic disorders and single nucleotide polymorphisms play a role in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Dermatol Res
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Premier Dermatology, Ashburn, VA, USA.
Pilomatrix carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignant adnexal tumor originating from follicular matrix cells primarily impacting Caucasian males. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature on PC through an exploration of 206 cases reported between 1980 and 2024. We discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, and diagnostic challenges of PC, and explore various treatment methods for this rare malignancy as well as their associated outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangenbecks Arch Surg
January 2025
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Introduction: Imposter syndrome (IS) refers to the psychological experience of imagining that one's achievements do not originate from one's own authentic competence. Surgeons are constantly faced with life-threatening decisions and can easily feel inadequate or insecure despite their years of training and experience. Imposter syndrome can distress surgeons at all career stages and has profound psychological and professional consequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
February 2025
Department of Odontology, Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dental pain is common, and many patients use analgesics to alleviate the pain. Analgesics are readily accessible, and overdosing may lead to severe complications. This study explores the extent of analgesic overdosing in patients with dental pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Mol Genet
January 2025
Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Earlham Road, Norwich NR4 6PN, United Kingdom.
Genomic imprinting is the parent-of-origin dependent monoallelic expression of genes often associated with regions of germline-derived DNA methylation that are maintained as differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) in somatic tissues. This form of epigenetic regulation is highly conserved in mammals and is thought to have co-evolved with placentation. Tissue-specific gDMRs have been identified in human placenta, suggesting that species-specific imprinting dependent on unorthodox epigenetic establishment or maintenance may be more widespread than previously anticipated.
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