AI Article Synopsis
- Two depsides and five depsidones from lichens were tested for their effects on tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), showing potential protective benefits.
- Most of these compounds notably reduced both the number and size of lesions caused by TMV infection, with pannarin, 1'-chloro-pannarin, and stictic acid being the most effective.
- The study found no significant changes in key defense-related genes, suggesting that the protective effect may occur through a different mechanism than the usual plant defense responses involving salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA).
Article Abstract
Two depsides and five depsidones, isolated from lichens, were tested to determine their in vivo protective effects on tobacco leaves challenged with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The results indicate that most of these compounds are able to reduce either the number and/or the size of necrotic lesions following virus infection. Pannarin, 1'-chloro-pannarin and stictic acid provided the more effective protective results, reducing by at least 45% the number and size of lesions. Real Time PCR assays were used to explore the target of action against TMV by examining the response behavior of genes involved in the plant defense mechanism. The application of the lichen substances did not lead to changes in the transcriptional levels of pathogen-related (PR1a), allene oxide synthase 2 (AOS2) or oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR3) genes. Thus, the protection observed in the tobacco leaves treated with the lichen compounds may be mediated by a mechanism which does not involved the SA- or JA-mediated defensive plant response. A possible structure-activity relationship is presented.
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