The ability to predictably engineer the composition of bowel microbial communities (microbiota) using dietary components is important because of the reported associations of altered microbiota composition with medical conditions. In a synecological study, weanling conventional Sprague-Dawley rats (21 days old) were fed a basal diet (BD) or a diet supplemented with resistant starch (RS) at 5%, 2.5%, or 1.25% for 28 days. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) profiles in the colonic digesta showed that rats fed RS had altered microbiota compositions due to blooms of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The altered microbiota was associated with changes in colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, colonic-tissue gene expression (Gsta2 and Ela1), and host physiology (serum metabolite profiles and colonic goblet cell numbers). Comparisons between germ-free and conventional rats showed that transcriptional and serum metabolite differences were mediated by the microbiota and were not the direct result of diet composition. Altered transcriptomic and physiological responses may reflect the young host's attempts to maintain homeostasis as a consequence of exposure to a new collection of bacteria and their associated biochemistry.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01536-12 | DOI Listing |
Curr Rheumatol Rep
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Purpose Of Review: The canonical pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves inflammation driven by HLA-B27, type 3 immunity, and gut microbial dysregulation. This review based on information presented at the SPARTAN meeting highlights studies on the pathogenesis of SpA from the past year, focusing on emerging mechanisms such as the roles of microbe-derived metabolites, microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines in plasma exosomes, specific T cell subsets, and neutrophils.
Recent Findings: The induction of arthritis in a preclinical model through microbiota-driven alterations in tryptophan catabolism provides new insights as to how intestinal dysbiosis may activate disease via the gut-joint axis.
Microbiome
December 2024
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Background: Studies have reported clinical heterogeneity between right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC). However, none of these studies used multi-omics analysis combining genetic regulation, microbiota, and metabolites to explain the site-specific difference.
Methods: Here, 494 participants from a 16S rRNA gene sequencing cohort (50 RCC, 114 LCC, and 100 healthy controls) and a multi-omics cohort (63 RCC, 79 LCC, and 88 healthy controls) were analyzed.
BMC Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
Background: Smoking is a significant risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking on the pancreatic microbiome and metabolome in resectable and unresectable male PDAC patients.
Methods: The pancreatic tissue samples were collected from resectable PDACs via surgery and unresectable PDACs via endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).
Cell Host Microbe
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address:
Clostridioides difficile can transiently or persistently colonize the human gut, posing a risk for infections. This colonization is influenced by complex molecular and ecological interactions with the human gut microbiota. By investigating C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
December 2024
Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino-ICVV (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6 (LO-20, salida 13), Logroño E-26007, La Rioja, Spain. Electronic address:
The epidemiological assessment of wine consumption usually has been obtained using self-reporting questionnaires. In this study, two metabolomic approaches, targeted and untargeted, were applied to 24-h urine samples from a cohort of La Rioja (Spain) (aged 52-78), comparing moderate and daily wine consumers (20 males and 13 females) without diet intervention, versus non-consumers (8 males and 35 females). Results showed that the non-targeted metabolomics approach has allowed for the annotation of sixteen compounds in 24-h urine samples from regular wine-consumers that were not detected in the urine of non-wine consumers.
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