Is time to recurrence after hysterectomy predictive of survival in patients with early stage endometrial carcinoma?

Purpose/objective(s): To determine the prognostic significance of time to recurrence (TTR) on overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) following recurrence in patients with stage I-II uterine endometrioid carcinoma.

Materials/methods: After IRB approval, we retrospectively identified 57 patients with recurrent endometrioid carcinoma who were initially treated for FIGO 1988 stages I-II between 1987 and 2009. The Kaplan-Meier approach and Cox regression analysis were used to estimate OS and DSS following recurrence and identify factors impacting outcomes.

Results: Median follow-up times were 54.8 months from hysterectomy and 19.8 months after recurrence. Median time to recurrence was 20.2 months. Twenty-eight (47%) patients had a recurrence<18 months after hysterectomy and 29 (53%) had a recurrence≥18 months. Both groups were evenly matched regarding initial pathological features and adjuvant treatments. The median OS and DSS in patients with TTR<18 months was shorter than those with TTR≥18 months, but not statistically significant (p=0.216). TTR did not impact outcomes after loco-regional recurrence, but for extrapelvic recurrence, a shorter TTR resulted in worse OS and DSS (p=0.03). On multivariate analysis, isolated loco-regional recurrence (HR 0.28, p=0.001) and salvage radiation therapy (HR 0.47, p=0.045) were statistically significant independent predictors of longer OS following recurrence. TTR as a continuous variable or dichotomized was not predictive of OS or DSS.

Conclusions: In our study, the prognostic impact of time to recurrence was less important than the site of recurrence. While not prognostic for the entire cohort or for patients with loco-regional recurrence, TTR<18 months was associated with shorter OS and DSS after extrapelvic recurrence.