Several gastrointestinal hormones are commonly associated with satiety and digestion, but recent studies suggest they are also involved in regulating hemodynamic demand after a meal. These hormones released from the gut postprandially play a role in short-term cardiovascular regulation via a vagally mediated sympathoinhibitory reflex mechanism, similar to that of the arterial baroreflex. It has been hypothesized that activation of this reflex may promote greater blood flow to the splanchnic and renal vasculature that have increased haemodynamic demand after a meal, while simultaneously inducing vasoconstriction to the skeletomuscular vasculature where it is needed less. Together, the renal and splanchnic circulations can command over 50 % of cardiac output so that the role of gut hormones in controlling sympathetic vasomotor tone to these vascular beds may be more important in cardiovascular regulation than previously thought. The exact aetiology of obesity-related hypertension remains to be determined and is likely to be multifactorial, although the involvement of gut hormone signalling in the development of this disease has not previously been considered. Diets rich in fats and increased food intake are amongst the leading causes of obesity and precipitate significant changes such as inflammation in the gastrointestinal environment that can lead to blunted vagal afferent signalling. In obesity, these changes may disrupt sympathoinhibitory mechanisms and subsequently lead to increased vascular resistance in the gastrointestinal and renal vascular beds, contributing to the development of hypertension.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-012-0171-9 | DOI Listing |
Pulm Ther
December 2024
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Introduction: Asthma is a complex condition characterized by airway inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a significant role in asthma pathogenesis through its effects on T cells and its association with pro-inflammatory responses. Both lung and circulating IL-6 levels are elevated in asthma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObes Surg
December 2024
Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Background And Study Aim: We previously reported the utility of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) in weight loss in a female patient with obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of weight loss using EBL in a larger cohort.
Patients And Methods: This prospective cohort study included 13 female patients aged ≥ 18 years with a body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m who were unwilling to undergo bariatric surgery.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Importance: Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are obesity-related, noncommunicable diseases becoming increasingly common worldwide. In 2008, Japan launched a nationwide universal health checkup program, Specific Health Checkup (SHC), for the primary prevention of obesity-related diseases, but its effectiveness has been understudied.
Objective: To investigate the association of the SHC program with incident diabetes and hypertension, using a target trial emulation framework.
Biomol Ther (Seoul)
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
Obesity requires treatment as it is associated with health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers, which increase mortality rates. Achieving sufficient weight loss to reduce obesity-related diseases requires a variety of interventions, including comprehensive lifestyle modification of diet and exercise, change in behavior, anti-obesity medications, and surgery. To date, anti-obesity agents with various mechanisms of action have been developed, and mostly reduce energy intake, resulting in weight loss of about 5% to 10% compared to baseline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity (Silver Spring)
December 2024
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, obesity-related conditions (ORCs), and antiobesity medication (AOM) eligibility and prescribing practice among eligible patients in a large health care system.
Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of the multicenter Mass General Brigham health care system (Boston, Massachusetts) spanning 2018 to 2022, adults eligible for AOMs (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m or BMI 27-29.9 kg/m with ≥1 ORC) were identified.
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