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Advances in human papillomavirus detection for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis: challenges of conventional methods and opportunities for emergent tools.
Anal Methods
January 2025
Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer and other cancers such as anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The prevention screening and treatment of cervical cancer has remained one of the top priorities of the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2020, the WHO came up with the 90-70-90 strategy aimed at eliminating cervical cancers as a public health problem by the year 2030.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRepeatability of RRate measurements in children during triage in two Ugandan hospitals.
PLOS Glob Public Health
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children globally. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) pneumonia diagnosis relies on accurate assessment of respiratory rate, which can be unreliable when completed by nurses with less-advanced training. To inform more accurate measurements, we investigate the repeatability of the RRate app used by nurses in Ugandan district hospitals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExternal validation of an artificial intelligence model using clinical variables, including ICD-10 codes, for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 446-701 Electronic Information College Building, Kyunghee Univ, Global Campus, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly applied in healthcare to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. We previously developed an AI model using ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) codes with other clinical variables to predict in-hospital mortality among trauma patients from a nationwide database. This study aimed to externally validate the performance of the AI model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRho(D) immune globulin shortage and fetal Rh(D) screening with cell-free DNA.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol
December 2024
University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Purpose Of Review: Despite the availability of Rh(D) immune globulin (RhIg) to prevent alloimmunization in Rh(D)-negative pregnant patients, anti-Rh(D) alloimmunization remains a prevalent cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Recent RhIg shortages have caused clinicians and professional societies to identify methods to prioritize RhIg administration. New cell-free DNA (cfDNA) tests to predict fetal red blood cell antigen genotypes have been proposed as an option to prioritize the administration of RhIg to Rh(D)-negative pregnant people.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Explanatory Mixed-methods Study of "ICU net benefit": Triage and Trajectory for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Failure.
Ann Am Thorac Soc
January 2025
The University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
Rationale: Patients with sepsis and/or acute respiratory failure are at high risk for death or long hospital stays, yet limited evidence exists to guide triage to intensive care units (ICUs) or general medical wards for the majority of these patients who do not initially require life support.
Objectives: To identify factors that influence how hospitals triage patients with capacity-sensitive conditions and those factors that may account for observed ICU relative to ward, or ward relative to ICU, benefits for such patients.
Methods: We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study.
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