[Changes in expression of gene aba I in biofilm of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burn patients].

Objective: To study the changes in expression of quorum sensing gene aba I in Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) strains isolated from burn patients during biofilm formation process, and its influences on the extracellular matrix of biofilm and drug resistance of AB.

Methods: Six drug-resistant and five drug-sensitive AB strains isolated from wound excretion, blood and venous catheter were collected from burn patients hospitalized in Ruijin hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to October 2011. The AB standard strain ATCC 19606 was used as control. (1) Clinical strains and standard strain were normally cultured 10, 24, and 48 h respectively in vitro. The bacteria samples were stained with propidium iodide to measure biofilm thickness with confocal laser scanning microscope. (2) Clinical strains and standard strain were cultured in tubes 10, 24, and 48 h respectively in vitro under shaking condition. The bacteria floating in the medium were regarded as free bacteria, while those adhered to the tube wall as the bacteria within biofilm (biofilm bacteria). Relative expression value of genes aba I and pgaB was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR with the expression value of the standard strain set at 1. Data were processed with analysis of variance.

Results: (1) At post culture hour (PCH) 10, 24, 48, biofilm thickness of clinical strains was thicker than that of standard strain; biofilm thickness of drug-resistant strains [(28.8 ± 0.6), (31.7 ± 1.1), and (38.1 ± 3.1) µm] was respectively thicker than that of drug-sensitive strains [(17.1 ± 0.4), (20.1 ± 1.6), and (25.8 ± 1.7) µm, with F value respectively 1274.38, 206.60, and 61.73, P values all below 0.05]. (2) Biofilm bacteria: at PCH 10, 24, 48, expression values of aba I in drug-resistant strains (6.6 ± 1.7, 25.7 ± 3.5, 9.8 ± 3.6) were much higher than those of drug-sensitive strains (2.7 ± 1.0, 15.0 ± 3.5, 4.7 ± 3.2, with F value respectively 21.82, 25.24, and 6.22, P values all below 0.05); expression values of pgaB in drug-resistant strains (37.4 ± 1.1, 44.5 ± 3.6, 33.1 ± 11.5) were obviously higher than those of drug-sensitive strains (14.6 ± 0.8, 20.0 ± 6.9, 18.7 ± 6.8, with F value respectively 1488.44, 57.26, and 6.01, P values all below 0.05). (3) Free bacteria: at PCH 10, 24, 48, there was no significant statistical difference between drug-resistant strains and drug-sensitive strains in expression value of aba I (with F value respectively 0.24, 2.33, and 0.11, P values all above 0.05); expression values of pgaB in drug-resistant strains (13.8 ± 3.8, 12.5 ± 2.9, 23.7 ± 2.1) were obviously higher than those of drug-sensitive strains (7.0 ± 5.9, 5.0 ± 1.3, 15.6 ± 6.7, with F value respectively 5.44, 28.42, and 7.76, P values all below 0.05). (4) Comparison between biofilm bacteria and free bacteria in resistant strains: expression value of aba I in biofilm bacteria at each time point was respectively higher than that of free bacteria (with F value respectively 43.69, 286.61, and 9.98, P values all below 0.05); expression values of pgaB in biofilm bacteria at PCH 10, 24 were higher than those in free bacteria (with F value respectively 214.26 and 283.20, P values below 0.05). (5) Comparison between biofilm bacteria and free bacteria in sensitive strains: expression value of aba I in BF bacteria at PCH 24 was higher than that of free bacteria (F = 70.28, P < 0.05); expression values of pgaB in biofilm bacteria at PCH 10, 24 were higher than those of free bacteria (with F value respectively 8.03 and 22.62, P values below 0.05).

Conclusions: During biofilm formation process, the increasing expression of quorum sensing gene aba I in drug-resistant AB strains isolated from burn patients may up-regulate the expression of gene pgaB, which leads to high production of extracellular matrix and biofilm formation, and enhances drug resistance of AB.