Soft collagenous tissues that are loaded in vivo undergo crosslinking during aging and wound healing. Bioprosthetic tissues implanted in vivo are also commonly crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). While crosslinking changes the mechanical properties of the tissue, the nature of the mechanical changes and the underlying microstructural mechanism are poorly understood. In this study, a combined mechanical, biochemical and simulation approach was employed to identify the microstructural mechanism by which crosslinking alters mechanical properties. The model collagenous tissue used was an anisotropic cell-compacted collagen gel, and the model crosslinking agent was monomeric GA. The collagen gels were incrementally crosslinked by either increasing the GA concentration or increasing the crosslinking time. In biaxial loading experiments, increased crosslinking produced (1) decreased strain response to a small equibiaxial preload, with little change in response to subsequent loading and (2) decreased coupling between the fiber and cross-fiber direction. The mechanical trend was found to be better described by the lysine consumption data than by the shrinkage temperature. The biaxial loading of incrementally crosslinked collagen gels was simulated computationally with a previously published network model. Crosslinking was represented by increased fibril stiffness or by increased resistance to fibril rotation. Only the latter produced mechanical trends similar to that observed experimentally. Representing crosslinking as increased fibril stiffness did not reproduce the decreased coupling between the fiber and cross-fiber directions. The study concludes that the mechanical changes in crosslinked collagen gels are caused by the microstructural mechanism of increased resistance to fibril rotation.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3825191 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2011.640760 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, Catedratico Jose Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
The role of self-intercalation in 2D van der Waals materials is key to the understanding of many of their properties. Here we show that the magnetic ordering temperature of thin films of the 2D ferromagnet Fe_{5}GeTe_{2} is substantially increased by self-intercalated Fe that resides in the van der Waals gaps. The epitaxial films were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and their magnetic properties explored by element-specific x-ray magnetic circular dichroism that showed ferromagnetic ordering up to 375 K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Nanobubbles wield a significant influence over the electronic properties of 2D materials, showing diverse applications ranging from flexible devices to strain sensors. Here, we reveal that a strongly correlated phenomenon, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
The selective recycling of mixed plastic wastes with similar structural units is challenging. While heterogeneous catalysis shows potential for selective recycling, challenges such as complex mass transfer at multiphase interfaces and unclear catalytic mechanisms have slowed progress. In this study, a breakthrough in recycling mixed polyester wastes is introduced using heterogeneous photothermal catalysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Background: Submergence stress is a prevalent abiotic stress affecting plant growth and development and can restrict plant cultivation in areas prone to flooding. Research on plant submergence stress tolerance has been essential in managing plant production under excessive rainfall. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral Dis
January 2025
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.
Objective: To investigate the microarchitecture and crystalline composition of sialoliths and to explore their formation mechanisms.
Methods: Sixty-six sialolith samples (51 from the submandibular glands and 15 from the parotid glands) were retrospectively collected. Their diameter and quality were measured.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!