It has been found that a most important mechanism underlying the development of various pathological conditions in the organism of neonates with perinatal hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system is the structural and functional disorganization of the cell membranes. This is associated with activation of lipid peroxidation, effect of lysosomal enzymes, and impairment of antioxidative defense. As a result, the membrane content of most important lipids is changed, their degenerative forms appear, lipoperoxides accumulate, and the activity of the membrane enzymes is inhibited. The obtained evidence serves the basis for a wide-scale application of the membranotrophic therapy for hypoxic CNS lesions in the neonates.

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