Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
A systematic investigation on nonlinear optical properties such as three photon absorption (3PA) wavelength dependent of Kerr type nonlinear refraction in direct and indirect band gap crystals has been reported in the present work. The Z-scan measurements are recorded for both ZnO and CdI(2) with femtosecond laser pulses while the wavelength dependent of the Kerr nonlinearity are in agreement with a two band model. The wavelength dependence of the 3PA is determined by [(3E(photon)/E(g))-1](5/2)[(3E(photon)/E(g))](-9) in the case of direct band gap crystal and [(3E(photon)±ℏΩ/E(g))-1](5/2)[(3E(photon)±ℏΩ/E(g))](-9) in the case of indirect band gap crystal. In the present investigation the value of 3PA in the case of indirect band gap crystal is lower than the direct band gap crystal which is due to the phonon assisted transition. The materials of large band gap with optical nonlinearity and fast response speed should be dominating factor for further photonic devices such as optical limiters, optical switches and optical modulators. The higher order nonlinear optical effects have also been determined in the present study.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.05.061 | DOI Listing |
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