As a homologue of bisphenol A (BPA), there is concern about the potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of bisphenol AF (BPAF) based on in vitro tests. In this study, a simple and universal analytical method was developed for the determination of trace BPAF in various tissues and excreta of rats after they were orally dosed. The samples were hydrolyzed with glucuronidase/arylsulfatase followed by ultrasonic extraction with acetonitrile. The crude extract was purified with a mixed-mode anion exchange (Oasis MAX) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Separation and quantification was then conducted by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in negative ionization mode. The recoveries at three fortification levels in different biological samples were from 71.0% to 102.3% with relative standard deviations no more than 13.2% (n=6). The quantification limits of the method were from 0.5 μg/kg to 3 μg/kg depending on the matrix. This method was successfully applied to the determination of BPAF in tissues, serum, urine and feces of orally dosed rats.
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Gene Expression Modulation of Markers Involved in Bone Formation and Resorption by Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, Bisphenol S, and Bisphenol AF.
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Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
Various environmental chemicals have been identified as contributors to metabolic diseases. Bisphenol AF (BPAF), a substitute for bisphenol A, has been associated with changes in glucose metabolism and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. However, its mode of action remains unclear.
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College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China. Electronic address:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is being phased out owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects and is increasingly being replaced by its substitute compounds such as bisphenol AF (BPAF). This study aims to explore the potential adverse outcomes of prenatal BPAF exposure combined with postnatal cross-fostering on the development and long-term health effects of the mammary gland in offspring. The results suggested that prenatal BPAF exposure accelerates the puberty, and induces duct dilatations, angiogenesis, lobular hyperplasia, and enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration in the mammary gland of female offspring.
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Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Türkiye.
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