Experimental measurements of the twirl and changes in the anisotropy of the constant intensity ellipse, and the rotation of the polarization singular lemon pattern a generalized vector-vortex beam experiences around the two foci due to the converging and diverging conical waves and in between, are presented and interpreted as being due to the universal form of the Gouy phase, φ(G)=mπ/2.
Soft matter and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India. Electronic address:
We present a systematic study on how alkali metal salts, like NaCl and NaI, affect negatively charged phospholipid vesicles using a range of experimental methods. Our goal was to find out how chain saturation and cholesterol affect the interaction between the ions and the membrane. An isothermal titration calorimetry study on large unilamellar vesicles made from dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) revealed that Na shows higher binding affinity to the gel phase at 15 °C compared to the fluid phase at 30 °C.
The vector vortex beams (VVBs) are endowed with helical phase and vector polarization. The rich optical properties of VVBs have attracted extensive concern. Here the geometric phase is applied to manipulate both the phase and polarization of light for switchable generation of VVBs by vortex plates.
Coupling subcycle THz pulses to a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) enables ultrafast spectroscopy at the atomic scale. This technique critically depends on the shape of the THz near-field waveform in the tunnel junction. We characterize the THz electric field waveform in the STM junction by electro-optic sampling of tip-scattered THz light (-EOS) and pulse correlation using the THz-induced current.
Background: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at interval cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer improves overall survival but its role in recurrent disease is uncertain. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients treated with or without HIPEC during surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer.
Methods: The multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 CHIPOR trial was conducted at 31 sites in France, Belgium, Spain, and Canada, and enrolled patients with first relapse of epithelial ovarian cancer at least 6 months after completing platinum-based chemotherapy.
The generation of shaped laser beams, or structured light, is of interest in a wide range of fields, from microscopy to fundamental physics. There are several ways to make shaped beams, most commonly using spatial light modulators comprised of pixels of liquid crystals. These methods have limitations on the wavelength, pulse duration, and average power that can be used.
