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A Narrative Review of the Role of Immunotherapy in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Colon Harboring a BRAF Mutation.
In Vivo
December 2024
Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Patients affected by metastatic carcinoma of the colon/rectum (mCRC) harboring mutations in the BRAF gene (MBRAF) respond poorly to conventional therapy and have a prognosis worse than that of patients without mutations. Despite the promising outcomes of targeted therapy utilizing multi-targeted inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling system, the therapeutic efficacy, especially for the microsatellite stable/DNA proficient mismatch repair (MSS/PMMR) subtype, remains inadequate. Patients with MBRAF/mCRC and high microsatellite instability or DNA deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/DMMR) exhibit a substantial tumor mutation burden, suggesting a high probability of response to immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlternating Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan Chemotherapy Combined With Capecitabine and Bevacizumab for Microsatellite-stable Stage IV Metastatic Colon Cancer With a BRAF V600E Mutation: Two Case Reports Indicating Survival Improvement over Standard Therapy.
Anticancer Res
January 2025
Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P.R. China
Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third-highest incidence among human cancers. Advancements in chemotherapy and targeted therapy have improved the treatment outcomes for patients with CRC. However, the management of patients with unresectable metastatic CRC (mCRC) continues to be a significant challenge for clinicians worldwide, particularly for those with microsatellite stability (MSS) and the BRAF V600E mutation, as they are associated with the poorest prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnrichment of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Up-Regulated TNF-α Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of CMS4 Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis.
Cancer Med
January 2025
Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is the main cause of CRC mortality, with limited treatment options. Although immunotherapy has benefited some cancer patients, mCRC typically lacks the molecular features that respond to this treatment. However, recent studies indicate that the immune microenvironment of mCRC may be modified to enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-World Evidence of the Prevalence of Driver Mutations in Anorectal Melanoma.
Mol Diagn Ther
December 2024
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Introduction: Anorectal melanoma is a rare neoplasm with an aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Recently, recurrent gene mutations related to anorectal melanoma have been identified in a small series of cases, and this holds promise for targeted therapies, analogous to cutaneous melanoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze testing rates and prevalence of mutations in anorectal melanoma in the Dutch population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscriptomic analysis of + non-small cell lung cancer reveals an upregulation of nucleotide synthesis and cell adhesion pathways.
Front Oncol
December 2024
Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
Introduction: The transcriptomic characteristics of + non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represent a crucial aspect of its tumor biology. These features provide valuable insights into key dysregulated pathways, potentially leading to the discovery of novel targetable alterations or biomarkers.
Methods: From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, all available + (n = 10), + (n = 5) and + (n = 5) NSCLC tumor and + cell line (n = 7) RNA-sequencing files were collected.
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