The design of high voltage pulser for air coupled ultrasound imaging is presented. It is dedicated for air-coupled ultrasound applications when piezoelectric transducer design is used. Two identical N-channel MOSFETs are used together with 1200V high and low side driver IC. Simple driving pulses' delay and skew circuit is used to reduce the cross-conduction. Analysis of switch peak current and channel resistance relation to maximum operation frequency and load capacitance is given. PSPICE simulation was used to analyze the gate driver resistance, gate pulse skew, pulse amplitude influence on energy consumption when loaded by capacitive load. Experimental investigation was verified against simulation and theoretical predictions. For 500pF capacitance, which is most common for piezoelectric air coupled transducers, pulser consumes 650μJ at 1kV pulse and 4μJ at 50V. Pulser is capable to produce up to 1MHz pulse trains with positive 50V-1kV pulses with up to 10A peak output current. When loaded by 200kHz transducer at 1kV pulse amplitude rise time is 40ns and fall time is 32ns which fully satisfies desired 1MHz bandwidth.
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J Phys Chem Lett
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh Alt Med Biol
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The Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Ri-Li Ge. Medical problems of chronic hypoxia in highlanders living on the tibetan plateau. 00:00-00, 2024.
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School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a cornerstone of various electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems, including water splitting, CO/N reduction, reversible fuel cells, and rechargeable metal-air batteries. OER typically proceeds through three primary mechanisms: adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), and oxide path mechanism (OPM). Unlike AEM and LOM, the OPM proceeds via direct oxygen-oxygen radical coupling that can bypass linear scaling relationships of reaction intermediates in AEM and avoid catalyst structural collapse in LOM, thereby enabling enhanced catalytic activity and stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
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Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucial for global ocean carbon and heat uptake, and controls the climate around the North Atlantic. Despite its importance, quantifying the AMOC's past changes and assessing its vulnerability to climate change remains highly uncertain. Understanding past AMOC changes has relied on proxies, most notably sea surface temperature anomalies over the subpolar North Atlantic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
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Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004 PR China. Electronic address:
Low-cost and effective electrocatalysts are critical for energy storage and conversion. Herein, iron(III) and vanadium(III) acetylacetonates were first adsorbed and confined in porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), which further cross-linked together by the methanol-induced-assembly. Following the pyrolysis, the FeVO nanoparticles were efficiently encapsulated within three-dimensional (3D) N-doped interconnected porous carbon, termed FeVO/NIPC.
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