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Protective effects of neutrophil serine protease inhibition against ischemia-reperfusion injury in lung or heart transplantation.
FEBS J
January 2025
INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR)", Tours, France.
Transplanted organs are inevitably exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which is known to cause graft dysfunction. Functional and structural changes that follow IR tissue injury are mediated by neutrophils through the production of oxygen-derived free radicals, as well as from degranulation which entails the release of proteases and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are believed to be the principal triggers of post-ischemic reperfusion damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThoracic Electric Impedance Tomography Detects Lung Volume Changes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Muscle Nerve
January 2025
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Introduction/aims: Spirometry is the conventional means to measure lung function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but is dependent on patient effort and bulbar strength. We aimed to use electric impedance tomography (EIT), an emerging non-invasive imaging modality, to measure dynamic lung volume changes.
Methods: Twenty-one patients with ALS underwent sitting and supine spirometry for forced vital capacity (FVC), and sitting and supine EIT.
Alcohol-induced liver injury is mediated via α4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in hepatocytes.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Background: Our previous study demonstrated that alcohol induced the expression of the α4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the livers of wild type mice (WT), and that whole-body α4 nAChR knockout mice (α4KO) showed protection against alcohol-induced steatosis, inflammation, and injury. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that hepatocyte-specific α4 nAChRs may directly contribute to the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver.
Methods: Hepatocyte-specific α4 knockout mice (α4HepKO) were generated, and the absence of α4 nAChR was confirmed through PCR of genomic DNA.
Lung Function Changes with Acute +Gz Exposure as Assessed by Impulse Oscillometry.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform
January 2025
Introduction: The introduction of fifth-generation fighter aircraft has raised concerns regarding the impact of high gravitational forces on lung function. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of controlled +Gz exposure, up to +9 Gz, on lung function in military pilots using impulse oscillometry (IOS).
Methods: These studies, conducted in Canada and the Netherlands, involved military pilots undergoing high G centrifuge training.
Effect of Time and Temperature on the Detection of PRRSV RNA and Endogenous Internal Sample Control in Porcine Tongue Fluids.
Vet Sci
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Population-based sampling has improved pathogen monitoring in the US swine industry by increasing sensitivity while reducing costs. Postmortem tongue fluids (TF) have emerged as a practical option for monitoring porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in breeding herds, but limited data exist on optimal storage conditions. This study evaluated PRRSV RNA detection via RT-qPCR in TF samples under various storage times, temperatures, and viral loads.
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