The loss and back-coupling effects on the subwavelength imaging of three-dimensional superlens are reported in this paper. The loss is added in the image region of a superlens. The back-coupling effects are considered by adding a shielded layer above the object region. (1) By adding loss in the image region, the long range plasmon mode is drastically suppressed. (2) The back-coupling shield above the objects has the effects of amplifying the higher spatial frequency components while suppressing the long range plasmon mode. Because of (1) and (2), the transfer function becomes flatter. Subsequently, the finer resolution of images is obtained. This is confirmed by the field and intensity distribution generated by the horizontal magnetic dipoles and vertical electric dipoles located in the object region and the image intensity distributions of the patterned mask structures in the lithography.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.002262 | DOI Listing |
Most of the current holographic waveguide display systems are designed based on the center beam. When the incident beam consists of rays with different angles, the field of view and optical efficiency would greatly reduce. The heavy angular dependence of the volume holographic grating (VHG) and the back-coupling loss are two main reasons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe overall efficiency and image uniformity are important criteria for augmented reality display. The conventional in-coupling grating design intending to improve only the first-order diffraction efficiency without considering the multiple interactions with diffracted light in the waveguide is insufficient. In this work, the back-coupling loss (BCL) on the in-coupling surface relief grating, and the power of light arriving at the out-coupling grating over that of incident light (denoted as optical efficiency in waveguide, OEW) are introduced for the design of in-coupling grating.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hum Kinet
January 2021
Department of Kinesiology. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Texas, PA, USA.
Physical approach to biological movement is based on the idea of control with referent spatial coordinates for effectors, from the whole body to single muscles. Within this framework, neural control signals induce changes in parameters of corresponding biology-specific laws of nature, and motor performance emerges as a result of interaction with the external force field. This approach is naturally compatible with the principle of abundance and the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis, which offer the framework for analysis of movement stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroscience
June 2020
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Electronic address:
We tested several predictions of the theory of motor control with spatial referent coordinates related to effects of muscle coactivation on force production and perception. In particular, we predicted that subjects would produce unintentional force increase by finger flexors and be unaware of this force increase. Healthy subjects performed steady force production task in isometric conditions with visual feedback on the force level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2020
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Department Animal Physiology, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Females of many monandrous insect species announce their receptivity either by specialised sex-pheromones or by a signature mixture of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). The trigger that shuts down the sex-pheromone release or initialises a change in CHC bouquet is thought to be either the mating per se or male pheromones transferred during copulation. Besides a conversion of female volatiles, the application of antiaphrodisiacs, male derived pheromones that render mated females unattractive to competitors, is another strategy to protect females from further sexual chasings.
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