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Topical Protection of Esophageal Mucosa as a New Treatment of GERD.
J Clin Gastroenterol
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua.
Among the various factors implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), visceral hypersensitivity and mucosal resistance have been recently re-evaluated in relation to the increasing phenomenon of proton pump inhibitor failure, particularly in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). Intensive research has allowed us to understand that noxious substances contained in the refluxate are able to interact with esophageal epithelium and to induce the elicitation of symptoms. The frequent evidence of microscopic esophagitis able to increase the permeability of the mucosa, the proximity of sensory afferent nerve fibers to the esophageal lumen favoring the higher sensitivity to noxious substances and the possible activation of inflammatory pathways interacting with sensory nerve endings are pathophysiological alterations confirming that mucosal resistance is impaired in GERD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.
Am J Gastroenterol
January 2025
Kennth C. Griffin Esophageal Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and an eosinophil-dominated infiltration in the esophagus.
- The incidence of EoE is rising, requiring attention in various medical settings, leading to updated guidelines that focus on improved diagnosis and treatment strategies.
- Recommended treatments include proton pump inhibitors, topical steroids, dietary elimination, and esophageal dilation, with an emphasis on monitoring patients for treatment response and managing both inflammatory and structural aspects of the disease.
Assessing Lung Ventilation and Bronchodilator Response in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with F MRI.
Radiology
December 2024
From the Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (B.J.P., M.A.N., C.W.H., A.J.S., P.E.T.); Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Health Innovation Neighbourhood, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom (B.J.P., M.A.N., C.W.H., P.E.T.); Pulmonary, Lung and Respiratory Imaging Sheffield, Section of Medical Imaging and Technologies, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.M.M., J.M.W.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.F.); Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.A.L.); Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (H.F.F., J.N.S.M.); and Insigneo Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (J.M.W.).
Background Pulmonary function tests are central to diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases but do not provide information on regional lung function heterogeneity. Fluorine 19 (F) MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane permits quantitative and spatially localized assessment of pulmonary ventilation properties without tracer gas hyperpolarization. Purpose To assess regional lung ventilation properties using F MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane in participants with asthma, participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy participants, including quantitative evaluation of bronchodilator response in participants with respiratory disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRedesign of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Q binding niche reveals photosynthesis works in the absence of a driving force for Q-Q electron transfer.
Physiol Plant
December 2024
Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Monterotondo Stazione (RM), Italy.
An in silico redesign of the secondary quinone electron acceptor (Q) binding pocket of the D1 protein of Photosystem II (PSII) suggested that mutations of the F265 residue would affect atrazine binding. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants F265T and F265S were produced to obtain atrazine-hypersensitive strains for biosensor applications, and the mutants were indeed found to be more atrazine-sensitive than the reference strain IL. Fluorescence and thermoluminescence data agree with a weak driving force and confirm slow electron transfer but cannot exclude an additional effect on protonation of the secondary quinone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of determinants that allow maintenance of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in .
mBio
January 2025
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
is associated with multidrug-resistant infections in healthcare settings, with fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin being currently ineffective. Clinical isolates largely harbor mutations in the GyrA and TopoIV fluoroquinolone targets, as well as mutations that increase expression of drug resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps. Factors critical for maintaining fitness levels of pump overproducers are uncharacterized despite their prevalence in clinical isolates.
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