The extracellular promastigote stage of Leishmania spp. is transmitted to mammals by a sand fly vector. Leishmania promastigotes ligate host macrophage receptors, triggering phagocytosis and subsequent internalization, a crucial step for survival. Parasites transform intracellularly to the amastigote stage. Many studies document different receptors detecting promastigotes and amastigotes, but the relative importance of each interaction is ill-defined. Recent studies suggest that the macrophage receptors utilized during phagocytosis impact the intracellular fate of the parasite. This review summarizes the receptors implicated in Leishmania phagocytosis over the past 30 years. It then proceeds to weigh the evidence for or against their potential roles in intracellular parasite trafficking.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399048 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2012.05.002 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Recent Advances in the Development of Mincle-Targeting Vaccine Adjuvants.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), which has shown much promise as a molecular target for the development of T1/T17-skewing vaccine adjuvants. In 2009, the first non-proteinaceous Mincle ligands, trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and trehalose dibehenate (TDB), were identified. This prompted a search for other Mincle agonists and the exploration of Mincle agonists as vaccine adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic (anti-cancer) vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetrimental Effects of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Reinfection, and the Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.
Pathogens
December 2024
Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which antibodies enhance subsequent viral infections rather than preventing them. Sub-optimal levels of neutralizing antibodies in individuals infected with dengue virus are known to be associated with severe disease upon reinfection with a different dengue virus serotype. For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type-2 infection, three types of ADE have been proposed: (1) Fc receptor-dependent ADE of infection in cells expressing Fc receptors, such as macrophages by anti-spike antibodies, (2) Fc receptor-independent ADE of infection in epithelial cells by anti-spike antibodies, and (3) Fc receptor-dependent ADE of cytokine production in cells expressing Fc receptors, such as macrophages by anti-nucleocapsid antibodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential TLR-ERK1/2 Activity Promotes Viral ssRNA and dsRNA Mimic-Induced Dysregulated Immunity in Macrophages.
Pathogens
November 2024
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
RNA virus-induced excessive inflammation and impaired antiviral interferon (IFN-I) responses are associated with severe disease. This innate immune response, also referred to as "dysregulated immunity" is caused by viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)- and double-stranded-RNA (dsRNA)-mediated exuberant inflammation and viral protein-induced IFN antagonism. However, key host factors and the underlying mechanism driving viral RNA-mediated dysregulated immunity are poorly defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstablishment of an Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Line That Supports Efficient Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses.
Pathogens
November 2024
Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), has a significant impact on the global pork industry. It results in reproductive failure in sows and respiratory issues in pigs of all ages. Despite the availability of vaccines, controlling the PRRSV remains challenging, partly owing to the limitations of cell culture systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Cancer: The Role of Chemokines.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista, Sao Paulo 12916-900, Brazil.
The global increase in cancer cases and mortality has been associated with inflammatory processes, in which chemokines play crucial roles. These molecules, a subfamily of cytokines, are essential for the migration, adhesion, interaction, and positioning of immune cells throughout the body. Chemokines primarily originate in response to pathogenic stimuli and inflammatory cytokines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!