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Securing the Future: Strategies for Global Polio Vaccine Security Amid Eradication Efforts.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
As we commemorate 50 years of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), the global mission to eradicate polio stands at a critical juncture. While remarkable progress has been made over the past decades, ensuring a steady supply of polio vaccines remains a significant challenge that could undermine these achievements. This manuscript aims to address the complexities of polio vaccine security within the context of the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) and the Global Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2029, proposing actionable strategies to strengthen the vaccine supply.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman enteroviruses and the long road to acute flacid paralysis eradication.
J Appl Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, Enteric Virus Laboratory, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
Enteroviruses (EVs) are a highly diverse group of viruses multiplying primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and/or the upper respiratory tract, initially distributed in two separate genera: Enterovirus and Rhinovirus, respectively. According to the similarities in genome organization and particle structure, rhinovirus species were later reclassified as also belonging to genus Enterovirus. Human EV infections are usually asymptomatic or causing mild clinical manifestations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolio: Background and perspective on how international travel can be made safe against polio.
Ther Adv Infect Dis
November 2024
Independent Consultant, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
International spread of polio continues to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern since its declaration by the World Health Organization in 2014 and its reiteration in 2024. In 2023 and 2024, two countries remained endemic for wild poliovirus (WPV) but 20 countries reported polio outbreaks due to vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in 2023 and 10 countries in 2024 (up to mid-June). Guidelines from various agencies recommend polio vaccination before travelling to or from polio-affected countries, or attending mass gatherings anywhere in the world, particularly if the crowd is international.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA highly immunogenic UVC inactivated Sabin based polio vaccine.
NPJ Vaccines
November 2024
Biological Mimetics Inc., 124 Byte Drive, 21702, Frederick, MD, USA.
Despite their efficacy, the currently available polio vaccines, oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), possess inherent flaws posing significant challenges in the global eradication of polio. OPV, which uses live Sabin attenuated strains, carries the risk of reversion to pathogenic forms and causing vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and vaccine-derived polio disease (VDPD) in incompletely vaccinated or immune-compromised individuals. Conventional IPVs, which are non-replicative, are more expensive to manufacture and introduce biohazard and biosecurity risks due to the use of neuropathogenic strains in production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmuno-persistence after the fourth and fifth doses of inactivated polio vaccines in school-aged children.
Clin Microbiol Infect
October 2024
The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) titres and seroprotection proportions after the fourth and fifth doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).
Methods: Serum samples from 299 children in Hong Kong were collected and used to estimate the persistence of nAb titres and seroprotection proportions by neutralisation test.
Results: The mean nAb titres against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 (PV1, PV2, and PV3) 1 month after receiving the fourth dose of IPV at 19 months of age were 2068 (95% credible interval, 1517-2864); 4705 (3439-6436); and 2758 (1894-4086); respectively, but declined substantially in 4 years to 268 (222-325), 751 (630-900), and 411 (323-521), respectively.
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