Diets rich in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) such as alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid are associated with decreased incidence and severity of several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. At least some of the beneficial effects of these dietary fatty acids are via metabolites such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and resolvins. The effects of ω3-PUFAs are in contrast to those of fatty acids with virtually identical structures, such as the ω6-PUFAs linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, and their corresponding metabolites. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss both the nutrigenomics (nutrient-gene interactions) and nutrigenetics (genetic variation in nutrition) of dietary fatty acids with a focus on the ω3-PUFAs (Gebauer et al., 2007(1)). Important in the biological response for these fatty acids or their metabolites are cognate receptors that are able to regulate gene expression and coordinately affect metabolic or signaling pathways associated with CVD and cancer. Four nuclear receptor (NR) subfamilies will be emphasized as receptors that respond to dietary and endogenous ligands: (1) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, (2) retinoid X receptors, (3) liver X receptors, and (4) farnesoid X receptor. In addition to the different responses elicited by varying structures of fatty acids, responses may vary because of genetic variation in enzymes that metabolize ω3- and ω6 fatty acids or that respond to them. In particular, polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturases and the aforementioned NRs contribute to the complexity of nutritional effects seen with ω3-PUFAs. Following a brief introduction to the health benefits of ω3-PUFAs, the regulation of gene expression by these dietary fatty acids via NRs will be characterized. Subsequently, the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key enzymes involved in the metabolism and response to ω3-PUFAs will be described. An outline of the events to be explored is shown in Fig. 1. Understanding the nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics of dietary fatty acids is key to understanding the etiology, as well as prevention, of critically important human diseases including CVD and cancer.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-398397-8.00004-6 | DOI Listing |
Anal Chem
January 2025
Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
Double bond (C═C) position isomerism in unsaturated lipids can indicate abnormal lipid metabolism and pathological conditions. Novel chemical derivatization and mass spectrometry-based techniques are under continuing development to provide more accurate elucidation of lipid structure in finer structural detail. Here, we introduce a new ion chemistry for annotating lipid C═C positions, which is highly efficient for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based lipidomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAliment Pharmacol Ther
January 2025
Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Villejuif, France.
Background: Association between dietary factors and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied extensively. However, identification of deleterious dietary patterns merits further study.
Aim: To investigate the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) in the multinational European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
World J Diabetes
January 2025
College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China.
The onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are strongly associated with imbalances in gut bacteria, making the gut microbiome a new potential therapeutic focus. This commentary examines the recent publication in . The article explores the association between T2DM and gut microbiota, with a focus on the pathophysiological changes related to dysbiosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Chem Biol
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
Cyanobacteria are widespread, photosynthetic, gram-negative bacteria that generate numerous bioactive secondary metabolites complex biosynthetic enzymatic machinery. The model cyanobacterium sp. strain PCC 7002, hereafter referred to as PCC 7002, contains a type I polyketide synthase (PKS), termed olefin synthase (OlsWT), that synthesizes 1-nonadecene and 1,14-nonadecadiene: α-olefins that are important for growth at low temperatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Anim Sci
March 2025
Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
This study aims to measure the effects of different dietary concentrations of triticale hay (TH) on productive performance, carcass characteristics, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), ruminal and blood variables, and antioxidant power in 40 fattening male Gray Shirazi lambs (BW of 33.2 ± 1.1 kg) over 81 days in a completely randomized design (10 animals/diet).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!