AI Article Synopsis
- The TLR-IL-1R superfamily is crucial for initiating innate immune and inflammatory responses through the formation of large intracellular signaling complexes called signalosomes.
- Upon activation by ligands, these receptors assemble to activate various proteins, leading to the expression of genes that regulate immune responses.
- The study highlights the step-by-step assembly process of these signalosomes and suggests that their formation may set a digital threshold for effective immune signaling.
Article Abstract
The Toll-like receptor (TLR)-interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily plays fundamentally important roles in innate immune and inflammatory responses. Structural studies have begun to show that upon ligand stimulation, TLRs and IL-1Rs assemble large oligomeric intracellular signaling complexes, or "signalosomes," to induce the activation of kinases and E3 ubiquitin ligases, leading eventually to the activation of the transcription factors that are responsible for the expression of genes whose products mediate immune and inflammatory responses. The different scaffolds identified by these structural studies provide a molecular foundation for understanding the formation of microscopically visible signaling clusters that have long been known to cell biologists. Here, we illustrate the potential mechanisms of step-by-step assembly from the membrane-proximal interactions to the more downstream events. Formation of large oligomeric signalosomes may help to establish a digital threshold response in TLR and IL-1R signaling.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3568634 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2003124 | DOI Listing |
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