Primary reading epilepsy is a rare form of reflex epilepsy, in which reading is the specific stimulus evoking attacks. The authors report a case of an 18-year-old man who since the age of 17 presented myoclonic jaw jerking provoked exclusively by reading. In one episode, in which reading was not interrupted, jerks were followed by a generalized convulsive seizure. EEG with routine activating procedures was normal, while EEG recorded during reading showed bilaterally synchronous paroxysmal small-voltage spikes, more prominent in frontocentral regions, coinciding with jaw myoclonus. Complete clinical seizures control and EEG normalization were achieved with clonazepam 2 mg daily in a 24-month follow-up.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1990000300015 | DOI Listing |
Epilepsia Open
January 2025
Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Musicogenic epilepsy (ME) is characterized by seizures triggered by music. The epileptogenic focus in this rare reflex epilepsy is often in the temporal lobe, although the precise localization is still unclear. A correlation between ME and the presence of GAD65 antibodies indicates a potential immunological pathogenic mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci Res
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
The primary objective of this study was to examine neurological disorders and cognitive impairments in patients with secondary hypothyroidism and epilepsy undergoing treatment with antiepileptic medications. The study included 184 patients divided into three groups: Group 1 (subclinical hypothyroidism, n = 60), Group 2 (manifest hypothyroidism, n = 64), and Group 3 (control, n = 60). Patients in Group 2 received levothyroxine therapy (initial dose of 25 μg/day, titrated to 50-100 μg/day), while Groups 1 and 2 were treated with anti-seizure medications (valproic acid, 40 mg/kg/day).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
Recent studies, typically using patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have suggested that different autoantibodies (Aabs) acting on their respective receptors, may underlie neuropsychiatric disorders. The GluN1 (NR1) subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been identified as a target of anti-NMDAR Aabs in a number of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including encephalitis and autoimmune epilepsy. However, the role or the nature of Aabs responsible for effects on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity is yet to be established fully.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHippocampus
January 2025
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Accumulating evidence indicates that inherited astrocyte dysfunction can be a primary trigger for epilepsy development; however, the available data are rather limited. In addition, astrocytes are considered as a perspective target for the design of novel and improvement of the existing antiepileptic therapy. Piracetam and related nootropic drugs are widely used in the therapy of various epileptic disorders, but detailed mechanisms of racetams action and, in particular, their effects on glial functions are poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurology
January 2025
From the Department of Neurological Surgery (J.K., S.H.H.), Asan Medical Center; and Department of Pediatrics (M.-J.K., M.-S.Y., T.-S.K.), Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Startle epilepsy, characterized by startle-provoked epileptic seizures, was historically recognized as one of the reflex epilepsies but currently lacks classification as a specific epileptic syndrome because of insufficient characterization. This study presents an institutional experience and review of relevant literature focusing on the neurophysiologic and anatomical aspects of startle epilepsy. We describe a pediatric patient with an underlying structural etiology of left frontal encephalomalacia who continued to experience disabling seizures despite multiple antiseizure medications and previous palliative surgery.
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