The use of human allogenic graft (HBA) for maxillary bone regeneration: review of literature and case reports.

The use of graft materials is developed from the strong demand to support the complete bone regeneration of the empty socket and to increase the bone volume in treating the atrophies of sites already consolidated and with adverse alveolar bone conditions. A number of graft materials with different origin and mechanism of bone regeneration are available. Autologous graft materials, coming from the same patient, are defined as the gold-standard. The need of a second surgical site and the risk of morbidity and complications may make their use difficult. Human bone allografts (HBA) have been recently introduced, in order to offer an alternative to the autologous grafts. They have demonstrated to be effective in bone regeneration. Recent studies have proved the ability of HBA in bone regenerating process as they guarantee a three-dimensional structure for the re-growth of the new bone and the maintenance of inductive stimuli. In the present manuscript, Authors reviewed the evidence supporting the use of HBA in the management of the localized ridge atrophies, in the preservation of the extracted socket and in the sinus augmentation surgery, and illustrated some original case reports.