The incidence of esophageal cancer in Kazakhstan was analysed for the period of 1989-2010 years, with a focus on trends by age, gender and region. The highest rates of incidence were evident in the Western regions. The dynamics for cancer of the esophagus in the Republic demonstrated decrease, except in the Karaganda region, where a tendency for increase was noted. Considerable variation between regions pointed to differences in risk factor exposure which need to be targeted for future control efforts.
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Chronic stress-induced cholesterol metabolism abnormalities promote ESCC tumorigenesis and predict neoadjuvant therapy response.
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Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic stress can enhance the development of multiple human diseases, including cancer. However, the role of chronic stress in esophageal carcinogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study uncovered that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism significantly promotes esophageal carcinogenesis under chronic stress conditions.
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Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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