Presented are the causes and clinical picture of the compensatory positioning of the head arising in the consequence of ocular changes and changes in the muscles of the neck. The material was divided into 3 groups: 1) with paresis of the ocular muscles (20 cases), 2) caused by nystagmus (20 cases) and 3) torticollis of muscular origin (20 cases). The basis of the differential diagnosis of compensatory positioning of the head of ocular origin and of torticollis of muscular origin as well as the criterion of a cooperation between the ophthalmologist and the orthopaedic surgeon are delineated.
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