Subpopulation structure of T-regulatory cells and proliferative activity of blood lymphocytes in vitro in patients with different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were studied in this work. It has been shown that Trn--natural T-regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) play a leading role in formation of immune suppression under infiltrative, disseminated and fibrosis-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. Besides, their number is increased in blood of both tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative patients. Negative correlation between the number of Trn and proliferative activity of blood lymphocytes (basal, mitogen- and antigen-induced)has been established, which testifies about participation of Trn in suppression of lymphocyte proliferation and Th1- and Th2-immune response.
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