This review presents the current possibilities of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of precancerous lesions and cancer of the esophagus. Mechanisms of photodynamic effects on tumor and especially the accumulation of photosensitizer in tumor tissue, results of studies on the use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of early esophageal cancer, esophageal cancer stenosis and combinations with other treatment techniques. Results of treatment of Barrett's esophagus using photodynamic therapy were analyzed and a compared with other methods of treatment.

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