Cholinergic stimulation of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) produces antinociception and reduces the duration of tonic immobility (TI) behavior in guinea pigs. Previous studies indicated that cholinergic antinociception in the RVM is mediated through connections with the A7 catecholaminergic cell group (A7). In the current study, we tested the role of the A7 in both the antinociception and reduction of TI duration mediated by cholinergic stimulation of the RVM. In addition, we used biotinylated dextran amines (BDA) to evaluate the connections between the RVM and A7. The microinjection of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the RVM produced antinociception and reduced TI behavior duration. These effects were blocked by prior administration of lidocaine to the A7. However, the microinjection of lidocaine into the A7 prior to saline injection into the RVM had no effect on either the nociceptive or TI responses. The microinjection of the neurotracer BDA into the RVM positively stained fibers and synaptic boutons in the A7, indicating that there are direct projections from the RVM to the A7. Taken together, our results indicate that the antinociception and reduction of TI behavior duration after cholinergic stimulation of the RVM depends on connections with the A7.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.020 | DOI Listing |
Support Care Cancer
January 2025
Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess the updated literature for the prevention of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies.
Methods: Electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigated interventions to prevent salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia. Literature search began from the 2010 systematic review publications from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) up to February 2024.
Glia
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Astrocytes are the most abundant type of macroglia in the brain and play crucial roles in regulating neural development and functions. The diverse functions of astrocytes are largely determined by their morphology, which is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. However, whether and how the astrocyte morphology is affected by temperature remains largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurochem
January 2025
Neurosciences and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
The adult central nervous system (CNS) hosts several niches, in which the neural stem and precursor cells (NPCs) reside. The subventricular zone (SVZ) lines the lateral brain ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) is located in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. SVZ and SGZ NPCs replace neurons and glia in the homeostatic as well as diseased or injured states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
January 2025
Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland.
Cholinergic tone is elevated in obstructive lung conditions such as COPD and asthma, but the cellular mechanisms underlying cholinergic contractions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are still unclear. Some studies report an important role for L-type Ca channels (LTCC) and Ano1 Ca-activated Cl™ channels (CACC) in these responses, but others dispute their importance. Cholinergic contractions of ASM involve activation of M3Rs, however stimulation of M2Rs exerts a profound hypersensitisation of these responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroPubl Biol
December 2024
Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Pátrai, West Greece, Greece.
Cholinergic transmission fundamentally modulates information processing in the brain via muscarinic receptors. Using electrophysiological recordings of population spikes from the CA1 region, we found that the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (CCh, 1 μM) enhances the basal excitation level in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus. Using a frequency stimulation protocol, we found that CCh transforms depression of neuronal output into facilitation (at 3-30 Hz) in the ventral hippocampus while only lessening depression in the dorsal hippocampus, suggesting that muscarinic transmission boosts basal neuronal activation in the dorsal hippocampus and strongly facilitates the output of the ventral hippocampus in a frequency-dependent manner.
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