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Bronisław Wilhelm Sawicki (1860-1931), an eminent Warsaw surgeon who received an extensive education at foreign medical institutions, was an expert in various problems of hospital management. The complicated problems of education of physicians in the Russian sector of partitioned Poland (the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Congress Kingdom of Poland) formulated by Sawicki are presented in this work. Medical education in Western Europe especially in Germany, Austria and France, is described in detail. The problems of hospital assistants in the second part of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century are discussed.
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