Enlarged parietal foramina are related to a condition in which defective intramembranous ossification of the parietal bones results in enlargement of the normal foramina. Although generally believed to be a benign variant, scalp defects, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities have been reported in a small percentage of affected patients. These 2 cases now present evidence that parietal foramina constitute structural weak spots in the calvarium that may potentially increase risk of skull fracture after trauma.
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A case of enlarged parietal foramina or foramina parietalia permagna in an individual from the Chinchorro Culture of northern Chile (4000 BP).
Int J Paleopathol
December 2024
Field Museum of Natural History, Integrative Research Center, Chicago, USA; International Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management (ICAHM) Icomos, Chile. Electronic address:
Objective: The goal of this study was to analyze and differentially diagnose the presence of two large holes noted in the parietal bones of an individual and the presence of traumatic lesions.
Materials: A partially mummified young adult female associated with the Chinchorro culture, 4000 BP, from the coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile).
Methods: The bone lesions were evaluated macroscopically and radiologically.
Lineage-specific requirements of Alx4 function in craniofacial and hair development.
Dev Dyn
October 2024
Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Disruption of the ALX4 gene is linked to autosomal dominant parietal foramina and autosomal recessive frontonasal dysplasia, but the exact mechanisms of its role in development are unclear.
- Researchers created conditional Alx4 mice to study tissue-specific effects without causing perinatal lethality, allowing for the observation of craniofacial and limb defects similar to those in Alx4-null mice.
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Bilateral Foramina Parietalia Permagna - A Calvarial Defect Caused by Haploinsufficiency of the Msh Homeobox 2 Gene: A Case Report and Current Literature Review.
Neuropediatrics
June 2024
Division of Neurology, Neurometabolics and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Foramina parietalia permagna (FPP) is a rare anatomical defect that affects the parietal bones of the human skull. FPP is characterized by symmetric perforations on either side of the skull, which are caused by insufficient ossification during embryogenesis. These openings are typically abnormally large and can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe diploic venous system in Homo neanderthalensis and fossil Homo sapiens: A study using high-resolution computed tomography.
Am J Biol Anthropol
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PaleoFED team, UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.
Objectives: The diploic venous system has been hypothesized to be related to human brain evolution, though its evolutionary trajectory and physiological functions remain largely unclear. This study examines the characteristics of the diploic venous channels (DCs) in a selection of well-preserved Homo neanderthalensis and Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens crania, searching for the differences between the two taxa and exploring the associations between brain anatomy and DCs.
Materials And Methods: Five H.
Surgical Anatomy of the Ligamentous Attachments in the Superoposterior Scalp Region.
Aesthet Surg J
October 2023
Background: Hairline-lowering surgery has become increasingly popular in recent years, but little investigation into the surgical anatomy of the scalp has been performed.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe findings based on clinical observation and anatomic study of ligamentous attachments in the superoposterior region of the scalp.
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