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<PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">22587453</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2013</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-244X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>12</Volume><PubDate><Year>2012</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC psychiatry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Psychiatry</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Antipsychotic polypharmacy in a regional health service: a population-based study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>42</StartPage><MedlinePgn>42</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/1471-244X-12-42</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">To analyse the extent and profile of outpatient regular dispensation of antipsychotics, both in combination and monotherapy, in the Barcelona Health Region (Spain), focusing on the use of clozapine and long-acting injections (LAI).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Antipsychotic drugs dispensed for people older than 18 and processed by the Catalan Health Service during 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. First and second generation antipsychotic drugs (FGA and SGA) from the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification (ATC) code N05A (except lithium) were included. A patient selection algorithm was designed to identify prescriptions regularly dispensed. Variables included were age, gender, antipsychotic type, route of administration and number of packages dispensed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">A total of 117,811 patients were given any antipsychotic, of whom 71,004 regularly received such drugs. Among the latter, 9,855 (13.9%) corresponded to an antipsychotic combination, 47,386 (66.7%) to monotherapy and 13,763 (19.4%) to unspecified combinations. Of the patients given antipsychotics in association, 58% were men. Olanzapine (37.1%) and oral risperidone (36.4%) were the most common dispensations. Analysis of the patients dispensed two antipsychotics (57.8%) revealed 198 different combinations, the most frequent being the association of FGA and SGA (62.0%). Clozapine was dispensed to 2.3% of patients. Of those who were receiving antipsychotics in combination, 6.6% were given clozapine, being clozapine plus amisulpride the most frequent association (22.8%). A total of 3.800 patients (5.4%) were given LAI antipsychotics, and 2.662 of these (70.1%) were in combination. Risperidone was the most widely used LAI.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The scant evidence available regarding the efficacy of combining different antipsychotics contrasts with the high number and variety of combinations prescribed to outpatients, as well as with the limited use of clozapine.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bernardo</LastName><ForeName>Miguel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Schizophrenia Clinic Program, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. bernardo@clinic.ub.es</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coma</LastName><ForeName>Anna</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ib&#xe1;&#xf1;ez</LastName><ForeName>Cristina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zara</LastName><ForeName>Corinne</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bari</LastName><ForeName>Josep Maria</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Serrano-Blanco</LastName><ForeName>Antoni</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2012</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Psychiatry</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100968559</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1471-244X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014150">Antipsychotic Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014150" MajorTopicYN="N">Antipsychotic Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration &amp; dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004359" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Therapy, Combination</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019338" MajorTopicYN="Y">Polypharmacy</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011618" MajorTopicYN="N">Psychotic Disorders</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013030" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Spain</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2010</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>9</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2012</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2012</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2012</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2013</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2012</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22587453</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3511232</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1186/1471-244X-12-42</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">1471-244X-12-42</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Megna JL, Kunwar AR, Mahlotra K, Sauro MD, Devitt PJ, Rashid A. 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