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The spatial biology of HIV infection.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
HIV infection implicates a spectrum of tissues in the human body starting with viral transmission in the anogenital tract and subsequently persisting in lymphoid tissues and brain. Though studies using isolated cells have contributed significantly towards our understanding of HIV infection, the tissue microenvironment is characterised by a complex interplay of a range of factors, all of which can influence the course of infection but are otherwise missed in ex vivo studies. To address this knowledge gap, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of infection and the host immune response in situ using imaging-based approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStratification system with dual human endogenous retroviruses for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
J Immunother Cancer
January 2025
Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
Background: Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) elements are genomic footprints of ancestral retroviral infections within the human genome. While the dysregulation of ERV transcription has been linked to immune cell infiltration in various cancers, its relationship with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response in solid tumors, particularly metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), remains inadequately explored.
Methods: This study analyzed patients with metastatic ccRCC from two prospective clinical trials, encompassing 181 patients receiving nivolumab in the CheckMate trials (-009 to -010 and -025) and 48 patients treated with the ipilimumab-nivolumab combination in the BIONIKK trial.
Viremic non-progression in HIV/SIV infection: A tied game between virus and host.
Cell Rep Med
January 2025
IrsiCaixa Immunopathology Research Institute, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
High-efficacy antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been a game-changer for HIV/AIDS pandemic, but incomplete CD4 T cell recovery and persistent chronic immune activation still affect HIV-suppressed people. Exceptional cases of HIV infection that naturally exhibit delayed disease progression provide invaluable insights into protective biological mechanisms with potential clinical application. Viremic non-progressors (VNPs) represent an extremely rare population of individuals with HIV, characterized by preservation of the CD4 T cell compartment despite persistent high levels of viral load (>10,000 copies/mL).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViral diversity in wild rodents in the regions of Canaã de Carajás and Curionopólis, State of Pará, Brazil.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua, Brazil.
Wild rodents serve as crucial reservoirs for zoonotic viruses. Anthropogenic and environmental disruptions, particularly those induced by mining activities, can destabilize rodent populations and facilitate the emergence of viral agents. In the Canaã dos Carajás and Curionópolis regions of Brazil, significant environmental changes have occurred due to mining expansion, potentially creating conditions conducive to the emergence of rodent-associated viral diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent methods for detecting and assessing HIV-1 antibody resistance.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Antiretroviral therapy is the standard treatment for HIV, but it requires daily use and can cause side effects. Despite being available for decades, there are still 1.5 million new infections and 700,000 deaths each year, highlighting the need for better therapies.
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