Numerous harmonic components such as multiple frequency, sum frequency and difference frequency of multiple modulation signals were found in quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) diode laser modulation absorption spectroscopy. Then, the authors analyzed these harmonic components' existence in terms of non-linear interactions of laser and gas absorption line. And the signals' characteristics were studied experimentally. The results shows that there are some sum frequency and difference frequency components that have larger amplitudes compared to the second harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy signal (2f-WMS) commonly used in tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS), and it may improve the detection sensitivity of QCW modulation spectroscopy.
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Polymers (Basel)
January 2025
Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
Laser reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is a promising approach for achieving flexible, robust, and electrically conductive graphene/polymer composites. Resulting composite materials show significant technological potential for energy storage, sensing, and bioelectronics. However, in the case of insulating polymers, the properties of electrodes show severely limited performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
Optical Fiber Displacement Sensors (OFDSs) provide several advantages over conventional sensors, including their compact size, flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. These features make OFDSs ideal for use in confined spaces, such as turbines, where direct laser access is impossible. A critical aspect of OFDS performance is the geometry of the fiber bundle, which influences key parameters such as sensitivity, range, and dead zones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
January 2025
Nanoscale Glasstec GmbH (NaGt), 34132 Kassel, Germany.
This paper reviews and compares electrostatically actuated MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) arrays for light modulation and light steering in which transmission through the substrate is required. A comprehensive comparison of the technical achievements of micromirror arrays and microshutter arrays is provided. The main focus of this paper is MEMS micromirror arrays for smart glass in building windows and façades.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
January 2025
Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy.
Background/objectives: Micropulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) is gaining attention as a non-invasive treatment option for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), offering an alternative to traditional surgeries and medications. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness, safety, and potential of MLT in glaucoma management.
Methods: This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Lasers Med Sci
January 2025
Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, Sao Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an aquatic progressive resistance exercise (APRE) and PBM (associated or not) on morphology of skeletal muscle and biochemical markers using an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 5 groups: control group (CG); OA control (OAC); OA submitted to APRE (OAE); OA submitted to PBM (OAL); OA submitted to APRE and PBM (OAEL). Trained rats performed a water-jumping program carrying a load equivalent to 50-80% of their body mass strapped to their chest.
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