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Background: Reported influenza-associated neurologic complications are generally limited to case series or case reports. We conducted a population-based study of neurologic manifestations associated with severe and fatal influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (2009 H1N1) cases.
Methods: Medical records of patients with fatal or severe (hospitalized in intensive care unit) laboratory-confirmed 2009 H1N1 reported to the California Department of Public Health from 15 April 2009 through 31 December 2009 were reviewed to identify those with primary neurological manifestations. Cases with secondary neurologic manifestations (eg, hypoxia) were excluded. Primary influenza-associated neurologic complications (INCs) were classified into 4 groups: encephalopathy/encephalitis, seizures, meningitis, and other. Severe 2009 H1N1-associated neurologic incidence was calculated by using estimates of 2009 H1N1 illnesses in California.
Results: Of 2069 reported severe or fatal 2009 H1N1 cases, 419 (20%) had neurologic manifestations. Of these, 77 (18%) met our definition of INCs: encephalopathy/encephalitis (n = 29), seizures (n = 44), meningitis (n = 3), and other (Guillain-Barré Syndrome) (n = 1). The median age was 9 years (range, 4 months-92 years); the highest rate of disease was among pediatric Asian/Pacific Islanders (12.79 per 1,000,000) compared with pediatric white, non-Hispanics (3.09 per 1,000,000), Hispanics (4.58 per 1,000,000), and blacks (6.57 per 1,000,000). The median length of stay (LOS) was 4 days (range, 1-142), and there were 4 fatalities. The estimated incidence of INCs was 1.2 per 100,000 symptomatic 2009 H1N1 illnesses.
Conclusions: Influenza-associated neurologic complications were observed in 4% of patients with fatal or severe 2009 H1N1. They were observed most often in pediatric patients, and Asian/Pacific Islanders appear to be overrepresented compared with the California population. Most patients with INCs had a relatively short LOS, and there were few fatalities.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis454 | DOI Listing |
Vaccine
December 2024
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:
In Brazil, at least four lineages of influenza A virus circulate pig population: 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic (pH1N1), human-seasonal origin H3N2, H1N1 and H1N2 (huH1 lineages) viruses. Studies related to the occurrence of swine influenza A virus (SIAV) in Brazilian herds have been detecting an increase of occurrence of huH1 lineages. This study aimed to construct recombinant vaccines against the huH1N1 virus and test the immunogens in a murine model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTanaffos
January 2024
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Background: Adult community-acquired pneumonia is the most common cause of hospitalization and a leading cause of death. Identification of microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia.
Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional design was used.
NPJ Vaccines
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA.
Development of an efficacious universal influenza vaccines remains a long-sought goal. Current vaccines have shortfalls such as mid/low efficacy and needing yearly strain revisions to account for viral drift/shift. Horses undergo bi-annual vaccines for the H3N8 equine influenza virus, and surveillance of sera from vaccinees demonstrated very broad reactivity and neutralization to many influenza strains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
The A/H1N1pdm09 influenza virus, which caused the 2009 pandemic, has since become a recurring strain in seasonal influenza outbreaks. Given the ongoing threat of influenza, protein subunit vaccines have garnered significant attention for their safety and effectiveness. This review seeks to highlight the latest developments in protein subunit vaccines that specifically target the A/H1N1pdm09 virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine
December 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address:
The continually high disease burden of influenza and the relatively low effectiveness of current influenza vaccines call for enhanced vaccine strategies. We previously generated unique S-HA1 pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs) displaying the receptor binding HA1 antigens of the H7N9 subtype as an influenza vaccine candidate and characterized their features in biochemistry, biophysics, structure, and immune response. In this follow up study, we created new S-HA1 PVNPs displaying the HA1 antigens of other common influenza viruses, including two H1N1 strains, one H3N2 strain, and an influenza B virus, respectively.
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