Purpose. To compare the effect of airflow exposure on the tear meniscus and blink frequency in normal and evaporative dry eye subjects. Methods. In 9 normal subjects and 9 short tear breakup time (SBUT) dry eye subjects, lower tear meniscus height (TMH) and area (TMA) and blink frequency were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after 5 minutes of airflow exposure (1.5 ± 0.5 m/s). Results. In SBUT dry eyes, both TMH and TMA decreased significantly (P = 0.027, P = 0.027) with a significant increase of blink frequency after airflow exposure, while significant increase in TMA was found in normal eyes. Conclusion. Measurement of the tear meniscus with anterior segment OCT seems to be useful as a noninvasive and objective method for evaluating the effect of airflow on tear film.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/983182 | DOI Listing |
Comput Struct Biotechnol J
December 2024
Environmental Intelligence Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium.
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December 2024
Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China.
The transmission of virus-containing droplets among multiple people in an outdoor environment is seldom evaluated. In this study, an Euler-Lagrange computational fluid dynamics approach was used to investigate the effects of evaporation and the body thermal plume on the dispersion of coughed droplets under various wind conditions, and the infection risk was evaluated for various arrangements of individuals queuing outdoors using virtual manikin models. The evaporation time was longer for larger droplets and in a more humid environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
In modern manufacturing environments, pollution management is critical as exposure to harmful substances can cause serious health issues. This study presents a two-stage computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to estimate the distribution of pollutants in indoor production spaces. In the first stage, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method was used to simulate airflow and temperature.
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January 2025
Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Perfluoroalkyl chemicals are one of the most stable substances in industry and have become ubiquitous contaminants owing to their persistence in the environment. This study enrolled 1,953 participants aged ≥40 years old using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We selected four perfluoroalkyl chemicals with a detection frequency of more than 80%, including perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
Monash Lung, Sleep, Allergy and Immunology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Partners - Epworth, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Mitigation measures against infectious aerosols are desperately needed. We aimed to: 1) compare germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) at 254 nm (254-GUV) and 222 nm (222-GUV) with portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to inactivate/remove airborne bacteriophage ϕX174, 2) measure the effect of air mixing on the effectiveness of 254-GUV, and 3) determine the relative susceptibility of ϕX174, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza A(H3N2) to GUV (254 nm, 222 nm). A nebulizer generated ϕX174 laden aerosols in an occupied clinical room (sealed-low flow).
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