AI Article Synopsis
- CNS white matter is a crucial component of the human brain, comprising nearly 50% of its volume and plays a vital role in connecting various brain regions.
- Disruption in white matter can lead to serious neurological issues due to the interconnected nature of axons and glial cells.
- Injury or energy failure can cause ion imbalances, leading to harmful increases in intracellular calcium, which ultimately result in damage to axons, myelin, and glial cells.
Article Abstract
CNS white matter, the collection of axons and supporting glia of the mammalian CNS, makes up close to 50% of the human brain by volume. Interruption of vital interconnects within this tissue, even over a short segment, often leads to serious morbidity in a broad range of neurological disorders. Axons, glia and myelin express a complex array of conventional voltage gated ion channels, intracellular Ca(2+) release channels, neurotransmitter uptake and release mechanisms, together with matching transmitter receptors. Dysregulation of ion homeostasis induced by injury or energy failure leads to depolarization and intracellular Na(+) accumulation, which in turn triggers inappropriate ion translocation (i.e. Ca(2+) influx) and transmitter release; together these events further promote more Ca(2+) influx, while at the same time triggering even more toxic Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Uncontrolled intracellular Ca(2+) increases overactivate a variety of Ca(2+)-sensitive enzyme systems culminating in permanent injury to axon, myelin and glia.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.04.016 | DOI Listing |
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