Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
University. of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
Published: July 2012
While protein is regarded as the most satiating macronutrient, many studies have employed test meals that had very high and unsustainable protein contents. Furthermore, the comparative responses between lean and obese subjects and the relationships between energy intake suppression and gut hormone release remain unclear. We evaluated the acute effects of meals with modest variations in 1) fat, protein, and carbohydrate content and 2) protein load on gastrointestinal hormones, appetite, and subsequent energy intake in lean and obese subjects. Sixteen lean and sixteen obese men were studied on four occasions. Following a standardized breakfast, they received for lunch: 1) high-fat (HF), 2) high-protein (HP), 3) high-carbohydrate/low-protein (HC/LP), or 4) adequate-protein (AP) isocaloric test meals. Hunger, fullness, and gut hormones were measured throughout, and at t = 180 min energy intake at a buffet meal was quantified. In lean subjects, hunger was less and fullness greater following HF, HP, and AP compared with HC/LP meals, and energy intake was less following HF and HP compared with HC meals (P < 0.05). In the obese subjects, hunger was less following HP compared with HF, HC/LP, and AP meals, and energy intake was less following HP and AP compared with HF and HC meals (P < 0.05). There were no major differences in hormone responses to the meals among subject groups, but the CCK and ghrelin responses to HP and AP were sustained in both groups. In conclusion, HP meals suppress energy intake in lean and obese subjects, an effect potentially mediated by CCK and ghrelin, while obese individuals appear to be less sensitive to the satiating effects of fat.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00478.2011 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Background: Knowledge about the diet quality among youth who follow different types of plant-based diets is essential to understand whether support is required to ensure a well-planned diet that meets their nutritional needs. This study aimed to investigate how food groups, macronutrient intake, and objective blood measures varied between Norwegian youth following different plant-based diets compared to omnivorous diet.
Methods: Cross-sectional design, with healthy 16-to-24-year-olds (n = 165) recruited from the Agder area in Norway, following a vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, flexitarian or omnivore diet.
Endocrinology
January 2025
Grupo de Neurofisiología- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE) (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de La Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires), La Plata, Argentina.
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) has recently emerged as a novel hormone that reduces food intake and glycemia by acting through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), also known as the ghrelin receptor. This discovery has led to a fundamental reconceptualization of GHSR's functional dynamics, now understood to be under a dual and opposing regulation. LEAP2 exhibits several distinctive features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Anim Nutr
January 2025
Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Protein supply to ruminants relies mainly on the flow of microbial crude protein (MCP) from the rumen, which is commonly assumed to primarily depend on energy supply. This study evaluated this assumption with recent data and tested if ruminally fermented organic matter (FOM) was a better predictor of MCP flow than total-tract digestible organic matter (DOM) and if more variables could improve the prediction of MCP flow. A previously published data set was extended by additional studies resulting in a data set of 139 studies including 407 treatment means, typical to Central European rations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anim Sci
January 2025
University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Earley gate, RG6 6EU Reading, United Kingdom.
This study investigated the effects of different protein sources on feed intake, nutrient, and energy utilization, growth performance, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in growing beef cattle, also evaluated against a pasture-based diet. Thirty-two Holstein × Angus growing beef were allocated to four dietary treatments: a total mixed ration (TMR) including solvent-extracted soybean meal as the main protein source (SB; n = 8), TMR with local brewers' spent grains (BSG; n = 8), TMR with local field beans (BNS; n = 8), and a diet consisting solely of fresh-cut Italian ryegrass (GRA; n = 8). Every four weeks, animals were moved to digestibility stalls within respiration chambers to measure nutrient intakes, energy and nitrogen (N) utilization, and enteric CH4 emissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality in women, frequently recurring post-treatment, often accompanied by chemotherapy resistance. Dietary interventions have demonstrated influence on cancer progression; for instance, caloric restriction has exhibited tumor growth reduction and enhanced survival in animal cancer models. In this study, we calculated a transcriptomic signature based on caloric-restriction for ovarian cancer patients and explored its correlation with ovarian cancer progression.
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