We present experiments on a monolayer of air-fluidized beads in which a jamming transition is approached by increasing pressure, increasing packing fraction, and decreasing kinetic energy. This is accomplished, along with a noninvasive measurement of pressure, by tilting the system and examining behavior versus depth. We construct an equation of state and analyze relaxation time versus effective temperature. By making time and effective temperature dimensionless using factors of pressure, bead size, and bead mass, we obtain a good collapse of the data but to a functional form that differs from that of thermal hard-sphere systems. The relaxation time appears to diverge only as the effective temperature to pressure ratio goes to zero.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.138001 | DOI Listing |
ACS Nano
January 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
Single-crystal Au(111), renowned for its chemically inert surface, long-range "herringbone" reconstruction, and high electrical conductivity, has long served as an exemplary template in diverse fields, , crystal epitaxy, electronics, and electrocatalysis. However, commercial Au(111) products are high-priced and limited to centimeter sizes, largely restricting their broad applications. Herein, a low-cost, high-reproducible method is developed to produce 4 in.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Institute of Management, Accounting and Finance, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Climate change has heightened the need to understand physical climate risks, such as the increasing frequency and severity of heat waves, for informed financial decision-making. This study investigates the financial implications of extreme heat waves on stock returns in Europe and the United States. Accordingly, the study combines meteorological and stock market data by integrating methodologies from both climate science and finance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
A methodology is proposed, which addresses the caveat that line-of-sight emission spectroscopy presents in that it cannot provide spatially resolved temperature measurements in non-homogeneous temperature fields. The aim of this research is to explore the use of data-driven models in measuring temperature distributions in a spatially resolved manner using emission spectroscopy data. Two categories of data-driven methods are analyzed: (i) Feature engineering and classical machine learning algorithms, and (ii) end-to-end convolutional neural networks (CNN).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
School of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
This study presents a novel non-autonomous mathematical model to explore the intricate relationship between temperature and desert locust population dynamics, considering the influence of both solitarious and gregarious phases across all life stages. The model incorporates temperature-dependent parameters for key biological processes, including egg development, hopper growth, adult maturation, and reproduction. Theoretical analysis reveals the model's capacity for complex dynamical behaviors, such as multiple stable states and backward bifurcations, suggesting the potential for sudden and unpredictable population shifts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria.
Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a photothermal scanning probe technique that combines nanoscale spatial resolution with the chemical analysis capability of mid-infrared spectroscopy. Using this hybrid technique, chemical identification down to the single molecule level has been demonstrated. However, the mechanism at the heart of AFM-IR, the transduction of local photothermal heating to cantilever deflection, is still not fully understood.
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