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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Function: str_replace
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Rationale: A key role has been identified for the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) gene in the regulation of drug reward. Mice bearing a dominant negative mutation in the Clock gene (ClockΔ19 mice) exhibit increased cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, increased sensitivity to intracranial self-stimulation, and increased dopaminergic cell activity in the ventral tegmental area.
Objectives: We sought to determine if this hyperhedonic phenotype extends to cocaine self-administration and measures of motivation.
Methods: Two separate serial testing procedures were carried out (n = 7-10/genotype/schedule). Testing began with acquisition of sucrose pellet self-administration, implantation of intravenous catheter, acquisition of cocaine self-administration, and dose-response testing (fixed ratio or progressive ratio). To evaluate diurnal variations in acquisition behavior, these sessions occurred at Zeitgeber 2 (ZT2) or ZT14.
Results: WT and ClockΔ19 mice exhibited similar learning and readily acquired food self-administration at both ZT2 and ZT14. However, only ClockΔ19 mice acquired cocaine self-administration at ZT2. A greater percentage of ClockΔ19 mice reached acquisition criteria at ZT2 and ZT14. ClockΔ19 mice self-administered more cocaine than WT mice. Using fixed ratio and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement dose-response paradigms, we found that cocaine is a more efficacious reinforcer in ClockΔ19 mice than in WT mice.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the Clock gene plays an important role in cocaine reinforcement and that decreased CLOCK function increases vulnerability for cocaine use.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670183 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2704-2 | DOI Listing |
J Cell Mol Med
December 2024
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Macrophage efferocytosis (clearance of apoptotic cells) is crucial for tissue homeostasis and wound repair, where macrophages secrete factors that promote resolution of inflammation and regenerative signalling. This study examined the role of efferocytic macrophage-associated CCL2 secretion, its influence on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell (MSPC) chemotaxis, and in vivo cell recruitment using Ccr2 (KO) mice with disrupted CCL2 receptor signalling in two regenerative models: ossicle implants and ulnar stress fractures. Single cell RNA sequencing and PCR validation indicated that efferocytosis of various apoptotic cells at bone injury sites (osteoblasts, pre-osteoblasts, MSPC) upregulated CCL2.
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December 2024
Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 610052, Chengdu, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The prognosis often depends on early detection and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in its progression. Periodic tryptophan protein 1 (PWP1) has emerged as a novel diagnostic marker, potentially linked to gastric cancer progression.
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December 2024
Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Arsenic-mediated neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of individuals globally, but the specific impact of environmental arsenic on adult cerebellar degeneration and neurogenesis is incompletely understood. Of particular concern is arsenic-induced apoptosis-driven neurodegeneration. Our major objective was to investigate the molecular signaling intricacies associated with arsenic-induced death of cerebellar neurons and to propose folic acid as a possible intervention.
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State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Microglia play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and immunoreactive defense in the central nervous system including retina. To accomplish such a wide range of functions, microglia are highly heterogeneous. Dark microglia (DM) were recently identified by electron microscopy (EM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!