This paper considers the electromagnetic scattering problem of periodically corrugated surface with local imperfection of structural periodicity, and presents a formulation based on the coordinate transformation method (C-method). The C-method is originally developed to analyze the plane-wave scattering from perfectly periodic structures, and uses the pseudo-periodic property of the fields. The fields in imperfectly periodic structures are not pseudo-periodic and the C-method cannot be directly applied. This paper introduces the pseudo-periodic Fourier transform to convert the fields in imperfectly periodic structures to pseudo-periodic ones, and the C-method becomes then applicable.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.009978 | DOI Listing |
Glob Chang Biol
November 2024
National Park Service, Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Program, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.
Long-distance migrations are a striking, and strikingly successful, adaptation for highly mobile terrestrial animals in seasonal environments. However, it remains an open question whether migratory animals are more resilient or less resilient to rapidly changing environments. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which animals adapt or modify their migrations are poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
August 2024
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA.
eNeuro
February 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Dopamine system dysfunction, observed in animal models with psychosis-like symptomatology, can be restored by targeting Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid type A receptors (GABAR) containing the α5, but not α1, subunit in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp). The reason for this discrepancy in efficacy remains elusive; however, one key difference is that α1GABARs are primarily located in the synapse, whereas α5GABARs are mostly extrasynaptic. To test whether receptor location is responsible for this difference in efficacy, we injected a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) into the vHipp to knock down radixin, a scaffolding protein that holds α5GABARs in the extrasynaptic space.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrior research on racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality has often not considered to what extent they reflect COVID-19-specific factors, versus preexisting health differences. This study examines how racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality vary with age, sex, and time period over April-December 2020 in the United States, using mortality from other natural causes as a proxy for underlying health. We study a novel measure, the COVID excess mortality percentage (CEMP), defined as the COVID-19 mortality rate divided by the non-COVID natural mortality rate, converted to a percentage, where the CEMP denominator controls (albeit imperfectly) for differences in population health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegr Environ Assess Manag
March 2024
Division of Environmental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
The environmental management cycles for chemicals and climate change (EMC ) is a suggested conceptual framework for integrating climate change aspects into chemical risk management. The interaction of climate change and chemical risk brings together complex systems that are imperfectly understood by science. Making management decisions in this context is therefore difficult and often exacerbated by a lack of data.
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