Observational learning is an important area in the field of psychology and behavior science more generally. Given this, it is essential that behavior analysts articulate a sound theory of how behavior change occurs through observation. This paper begins with an overview of seminal research in the area of observational learning, followed by a consideration of common behavior analytic conceptualizations of these findings. The interbehavioral perspective is then outlined, shedding light on some difficulties with the existing behavior analytic approaches. The implications of embracing the interbehavioral perspective for understanding the most complex sorts of behavior, including those involved in observational learning are considered.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03393102 | DOI Listing |
Neurology
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY; and.
Background And Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesize the current literature on the association between chemotherapy (CTX) and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) with functional and structural brain alterations in patients with noncentral nervous system cancers.
Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted, and results were reported following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses guidelines. Data on study design, comparison cohort characteristics, patient demographics, cancer type, CTX agents, neuroimaging methods, structural and functional connectivity (FC) changes, and cognitive/psychological assessments in adult patients were extracted and reported.
Background And Aims: The importance of risk stratification in patients with chest pain extends beyond diagnosis and immediate treatment. This study sought to evaluate the prognostic value of electrocardiogram feature-based machine learning models to risk-stratify all-cause mortality in those with chest pain.
Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study of consecutive, non-traumatic patients with chest pain.
J Innov Card Rhythm Manag
December 2024
Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Clinico Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
Our study evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) compared to right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing (RVOSP). We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational study involving 200 consecutive patients who required pacemaker implantation. The patients were divided into two groups (LBBAP and RVOSP), with 100 patients in each group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Educ
January 2025
Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université de Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, C. P. 6128, H3C 3J7, Canada.
Background: Despite the importance of effective educational strategies to promote the transformation and articulation of clinical data while teaching and learning clinical reasoning, unanswered questions remain. Understanding how these cognitive operations can be observed and assessed is crucial, particularly considering the rapid growth of artificial intelligence and its integration into health education. A scoping review was conducted to map the literature regarding educational strategies to support transformation and articulation of clinical data, the learning tasks expected of students when exposed to these strategies and methods used to assess individuals' proficiency METHODS: Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, the authors searched 5 databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses electronic database and Google Scholar.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Infect Control
January 2025
Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, 14100 Gölköy Campüs/ Bolu Turkey.
Background: Healthcare-associated infections pose a significant global challenge, highlighting the need for enhanced knowledge and practices among healthcare professionals. This study investigates the impact of clinical observations on nursing students' compliance with standard precautions.
Methods: Employing a cross-sectional descriptive design, the study surveyed 405 nursing students using a 'Personal Information Form', the 'Nurses' Observations on Infection Control and Prevention Questionnaire', the 'Standard Precautions Scale', and the 'Factors Affecting Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale'.
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