Structural investigation of the species present during protein fibrillation is of tremendous importance, yet complicated by the equilibrium between species of very different sizes and life-times. Small-angle X-ray scattering may be applied to solve this problem, providing both information about the process (number of species present and volume fractions of individual species) and low-resolution three-dimensional shape reconstructions of individual species. Here, we describe in detail the challenges associated with the approach, exemplified using data from fibrillating insulin or α-synuclein samples.
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Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia. Electronic address:
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