Cyclic tetramers represent the preferentially formed complexes of a murine monoclonal idiotype-anti-idiotype (Id-anti-Id) system consisting of IgG antibodies or (Fab')2 fragments at micromolar concentrations. The cleavage of inter-chain disulfides of both Id and anti-Id caused the predominant generation of cyclic dimers at the expense of larger aggregates, suggesting with regard to already published data that the hinge located interheavy-chain disulfides are essential for the strain.
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J Virol
February 2024
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China.
Vaccination is the most effective method to protect humans and animals from diseases. Anti-idiotype vaccines are safer due to their absence of pathogens. However, the commercial production of traditional anti-idiotype vaccines using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (mAb and pAb) is complex and has a high failure rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol
November 2022
Department of Pharmacology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India.
Idiotype-based therapeutics have failed to deliver their promise, necessitating rethinking of the concept and its potential to develop a viable immunotherapy method. The idiotype based hypothesis is discussed in this paper in order to produce effective anti-idiotype vaccinations. Polyclonal anti-idiotype reagents have been shown to be more successful in animal models, and a better understanding of the immune response in humans supports the idea that polyclonal anti-idiotype vaccines will be more effective than monoclonal-based anti-idiotype vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
June 2017
Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
Interactions and phase behavior of γ-globulins are of fundamental interest in biophysical and pharmaceutical research, as these are among the most abundant proteins in blood plasma. In this work, we report the characterization of the oligomeric state of bovine γ-globulin, the effective protein-protein interactions, and the colloidal stability in aqueous solution as a function of protein concentration and ionic strength. Classical biochemical techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and gel electrophoresis, together with small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS), were employed for this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Rheum Dis
May 2015
Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russia.
J Clin Invest
September 2010
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
New prophylactic approaches are needed to control infection with the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To develop these, greater understanding of protective immunity against S. aureus infection is needed.
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