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Rethinking purinergic concepts and updating the emerging role of P2X7 and P2X4 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Neuropharmacology
December 2022
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia-Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy.
The topic of the present review regards the ubiquitous and phylogenetically most ancient prototype of intercellular signaling, the one mediated by extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides, bearing a strong influence on pathophysiological processes in the nervous system. Not by chance, purine and pyrimidine molecules are the most prevalent and ubiquitous chemical messengers in the animal and plant kingdoms, operating through a large plethora of purinergic metabolizing enzymes, P1 and P2 receptors, nucleoside and nucleotide channels and transporters. Because ectonucleotidases degrade the agonists of P2 receptors while simultaneously generate the agonists for P1 receptors, and because several agonists, or antagonists, simultaneously bind and activate, or inhibit, more than one receptor subtype, it follows that an all-inclusive "purinergic network" perspective should be better considered when looking at purinergic actions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular and macropinocytosis internalized ATP work together to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and other early metastatic activities in lung cancer.
Cancer Cell Int
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1Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
Background: Extracellular ATP (eATP) was shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a very important early process in metastasis, in cancer cells via purinergic receptor signaling. However, the exact induction mechanisms are far from fully known. We previously described that eATP is internalized by cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by macropinocytosis in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and other cancer cells, drastically elevates intracellular ATP levels, enhances cell proliferation and resistance to anticancer drugs.
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