Previous studies investigating the effects of shoe midsole hardness on running kinematics have often used male subjects from within a narrow age range. It is unknown whether shoe midsole hardness has the same kinematic effect on male and female runners as well as runners from different age categories. As sex and age have an effect on running kinematics, it is important to understand if shoe midsole hardness affects the kinematics of these groups in a similar fashion. However, current literature on the effects of sex and age on running kinematics are also limited to a narrow age range distribution in their study population. Therefore, this study tested the influence of three different midsole hardness conditions, sex and age on the lower extremity kinematics during heel-toe running. A comprehensive analysis approach was used to analyze the lower-extremity kinematic gait variables for 93 runners (male and female) aged 16-75 years. Participants ran at 3.33±0.15 m/s on a 30 m-long runway with soft, medium and hard midsoles. A principal component analysis combined with a support vector machine showed that running kinematics based on shoe midsole hardness, sex, and age were separable and classifiable. Shoe midsole hardness demonstrated a subject-independent effect on the kinematics of running. Additionally, it was found that age differences affected the more dominant movement components of running compared to differences due to the sex of a runner.
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Article Synopsis
- Long-term stress on the plantar fascia (PF) is primarily caused by factors like midsole hardness (MH) in running shoes, leading to conditions like plantar fasciitis.
- A finite-element (FE) model of the foot-shoe was created using ANSYS to investigate how different MH levels affect PF stress and strain during running.
- Results showed that increasing MH decreased PF stress and strain, but also led to greater peak pressure on the outsole and altered foot biomechanics, indicating a trade-off for the benefits in PF relief.
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