Polyglutamine tract-binding protein-1 (PQBP-1) is a 265-residue nuclear protein that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In addition to its role in the molecular pathology of the polyglutamine expansion diseases, mutations of the protein are associated with X-linked mental retardation. PQBP-1 binds specifically to glutamine repeat sequences and proline-rich regions, and interacts with RNA polymerase II and the spliceosomal protein U5-15kD. In this work, we obtained a biophysical characterization of this protein by employing complementary structural methods. PQBP-1 is shown to be a moderately compact but largely disordered molecule with an elongated shape, having a Stokes radius of 3.7 nm and a maximum molecular dimension of 13 nm. The protein is monomeric in solution, has residual β-structure, and is in a premolten globule state that is unaffected by natural osmolytes. Using small-angle x-ray scattering data, we were able to generate a low-resolution, three-dimensional model of PQBP-1.
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The role of PQBP1 in neural development and function.
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School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, China.
Mutations in the polyglutamine tract-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) gene are associated with Renpenning syndrome, which is characterized by microcephaly, intellectual deficiency, short stature, small testes, and distinct facial dysmorphism. Studies using different models have revealed that PQBP1 plays essential roles in neural development and function. In this mini-review, we summarize recent findings relating to the roles of PQBP1 in these processes, including in the regulation of neural progenitor proliferation, neural projection, synaptic growth, neuronal survival, and cognitive function via mRNA transcription and splicing-dependent or -independent processes.
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Int J Mol Sci
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Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
The frameshift mutants K192S and R153S, of the polyglutamine tract-binding protein 1 (PQBP-1), are stable intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). They are each associated with the severe cognitive disorder known as the Renpenning syndrome, a form of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Relative to the monomeric wild-type protein, these mutants are dimeric, contain more folded contents, and have higher thermal stabilities.
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Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. Electronic address:
Polyglutamine tract-binding protein 1 (PQBP1), an intellectual disability causative gene, is involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in animals, and possibly also in plants. In our previous work, reduced brain size, associated with an elongated cell cycle duration in neural stem cells (NSCs), was observed in the NSCs conditional Pqbp1 gene knockout (cKO) mice, which mimic microcephaly patients. However, the physiological significance of PQBP1 in bone metabolism has not been elucidated.
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Host‑Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen 63225, Germany; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address:
The Renpenning syndrome spectrum is a rare X-linked mental retardation syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, low stature, lean body and hypogonadism. Mutations in the polyglutamine tract binding protein 1 (PQBP1) locus are causative for disease. Here, we describe the generation of an iPSC line from a patient mutated in the polar amino acid-rich domain of PQBP1 resulting in a C-terminal truncated protein (c.
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