The non-covalent interactions of different upper-rim-substituted C(2)-resorcinarenes with tetramethylammonium salts were analyzed in the gas phase in an Electrospray Ionization Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometer and by (1)H NMR titrations. The order of binding strengths of the hosts towards the tetramethylammonium cation in the gas phase reflects the electronic nature of the substituents on the upper rim of the resorcinarene. In solution, however, a different trend with particularly high binding constants for halogenated resorcinarenes has been observed. This trend can be explained by a synergetic effect originating from the interaction of the halogenated resorcinarenes with the counter anions through hydrogen bonding. This study highlights the importance of weak interactions in recognition processes and points out the benefits of comparing the gas-phase data with results obtained from solution experiments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201103991 | DOI Listing |
Beilstein J Org Chem
October 2024
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
Herein, we present 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as an efficient solvent for synthesizing resorcin[]arenes in the presence of catalytic amounts of HCl at ambient temperature and within minutes. Remarkably, resorcinols with electron-withdrawing groups and halogens, which are reported in the literature as the most challenging precursors in this cyclization, are tolerated. This method leads to a variety of 2-substituted resorcin[]arenes in a single synthetic step with isolated yields up to 98%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
March 2023
Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA.
Weak intermolecular forces are typically very difficult to observe in highly competitive polar protic solvents as they are overwhelmed by the quantity of competing solvent. This is even more challenging for three-component ternary assemblies of pure organic compounds. In this work, we overcome these complications by leveraging the binding of fused aromatic N-heterocycles in an open resorcinarene cavity to template the formation of a three-component halogen-bonded ternary assembly in a protic polar solvent system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
July 2022
Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano (SALERNO) Italy
Carbocation catalysis can be performed inside the confined space of the hexameric resorcinarene capsule. The inner cavity of the capsule can host the trityl carbocation, which catalyses the Diels-Alder reaction between dienes and unsaturated aldehydes. Experimental results and calculations show that the hexameric resorcinarene capsule C can promote the formation of the trityl carbocation from trityl chloride through the cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond promoted by OH⋯X hydrogen bonding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
June 2022
Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
Macrocyclic polyphenolic compounds such as resorcin[4]arenes can be considered as multidentate anion receptors. In the current work, we combine new experimental data and reports from the previous literature (solution data and deposited crystal structures from the CCDC) to systematically analyze binding motifs between resorcin[4]arene derivatives and anions, determine the role of supporting interactions from CH donors, ion pairing and estimate their relative strength. We have found that in medium polarity solvents (THF) anion binding is a main driving force for the formation of complexes between resorcinarenes and AlkNX salts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
February 2021
Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Supramolecular capsules are nanoscale containers useful for the study of molecular behavior in confined spaces. They offer practical applications in catalysis, molecular transport, drug delivery, and materials science. Self-assembly has proven to be an effective approach in constructing supramolecular capsules and a variety of well-known noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, metal coordination and ionic interactions have been deployed.
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