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In otolaryngology, training often involves simulation in animal specimens, human cadavers, and artificial models to facilitate learning surgical procedures, reducing the time needed to acquire essential skills. Simulated training has become integral to medical education, particularly in microsurgical techniques, such as microlaryngeal surgery. These procedures, also known as phonomicrosurgery, are performed on the vocal folds using microscopic visualization and precision instruments with long shafts and millimetric tips.

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Comparative analysis of airflow dynamics and sputum expulsion during cough in healthy and bronchial stenosis respiratory tract.

Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin

January 2025

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments Micro-Tech (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Bronchial stenosis impacts cough mechanisms and respiratory function. This study used MIMICS and Fluent to construct and simulate a 3D airway model of an elderly female patient with bronchial stenosis. Utilizing dynamic mesh and fluid-structure interaction, airflow during coughing was analyzed, including velocity, wall shear stress, and deformation.

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Introduction: Simulation has become an integral part of health care education curricula that is used to teach a variety of topics, from emergency situations to physical diagnoses. Without further reinforcement, the skills learned through the simulation are subject to deterioration over time. Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCDP) is a teaching method that was developed to resist this deterioration and achieve mastery of skills.

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Use of virtual reality to remotely train healthcare professionals in paediatric emergency tracheostomy skills: protocol for a multi-centre, non-inferiority educational interventional study with historical controls.

BMC Surg

January 2025

Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.

Background: The insertion of a tracheostomy is an established technique used to wean patients off ventilatory support, manage secretions in complex conditions, and as a potentially life-saving procedure to bypass upper airway obstruction. Life-threatening complications during aftercare are not uncommon and may be influenced by a lack of education of carers or healthcare providers of children and young people living with a tracheostomy. Education programmes designed and supported by the National Tracheostomy Safety Project are effective, but resources are not available to educate the workforce at scale.

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In the majority of aerosol drug deposition modelling efforts, the particles are approximated by regular spheres. However, microscope images acquired after drug formulation available in the open literature suggest that their shape is not regular in most of the cases. This work aimed to combine experimental measurements and numerical simulations to reveal the shape factors of the particles of commercialized aerosol drugs and the effect of non-sphericity on the lung deposition distribution of these drugs.

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