Background: The genes RAD51, XRCC2 and XRCC3 encode proteins that are important for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks by homologous recombination. Therefore, genetic variability in these genes may contribute to the occurrence and progression of endometrial cancer.
Methods: The subject of investigation in the reported study was the distribution of genotypes and the prevalence of alleles of the RAD51 G135C, XRCC2 Arg188His and XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism in 230 cases of sporadic endometrial cancer; the polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism methods.
Results: The obtained results demonstrated a significant positive association between the RAD51 C/C genotype and endometrial carcinoma, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.75 (P < 0.0001). The homozygous C/C genotype was found in 72% of endometrial cancer cases and in 19% of the used controls. The variant 135C allele of RAD51 increased the cancer risk (OR = 1.64 [1.28-2.10]P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between the distribution of G135C, Arg188His and Thr241Met genotypes in the subgroups assigned to histological grades.
Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the polymorphism of RAD51, but not of either XRCC2 or XRCC3 genes, may be positively associated with the incidence of endometrial carcinoma in the population of Polish women. Further studies, including those on a larger group of patients, are required to further clarify this point.
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